Quantification of net carbon flux from plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation: a full carbon cycle analysis

Plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) has played a vital role in increasing incomes of farmers and expanded dramatically in last several decades. However, carbon budget after conversion from conventional vegetable cultivation (CVC) to PGVC has been poorly quantified. A full carbon cycle analysis was used to estimate the net carbon flux from PGVC systems based on the combination of data from both field observations and literatures. Carbon fixation was evaluated at two pre-selected locations in China. Results suggest that: (1) the carbon sink of PGVC is 1.21 and 1.23 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for temperate and subtropical area, respectively; (2) the conversion from CVC to PGVC could substantially enhance carbon sink potential by 8.6 times in the temperate area and by 1.3 times in the subtropical area; (3) the expansion of PGVC usage could enhance the potential carbon sink of arable land in China overall.     

Impact of long-range transport and under-cloud scavenging on precipitation chemistry in East China

Introduction  

Two hundred twenty-five precipitation samples were collected at high- (summit, 1,534 m ASL) and low-elevation (base, 218 m ASL) sites between 2005 and 2008 in eastern China. The present work focused on the roles of long-range transport and under-cloud/boundary layer scavenging on chemical composition of precipitation collected at the two sites.     

海洋平台桩腿周围局部冲刷及其对基础承载力的影响∗

在海洋平台桩靴基础安装施工过程中,容易发生穿透现象而导致破坏。业界建议可通过在桩靴周边加设向上的袖结构来抑制贯入时周围土体的回流,从而缓解穿透破坏。但这种袖结构的存在会导致局部冲刷,形成的冲刷坑会减小桩靴有效埋深,进而影响其使用期的承载力。通过一系列水槽试验,探讨了不同形式桩腿的面积比、开孔率、来流角度等因素对于冲刷坑形状的影响,进而开展了考虑冲刷坑影响的桩靴基础承载力数值计算,并与忽略最大冲刷深度以上土体的传统模型、假设冲刷坑为倒圆台状的简化模型计算结果进行了对比。主要研究结果如下：（1）加设圆形袖结构的桩腿引起的冲刷深度要比方形袖结构桩腿小,建议工程中采用面积比较小的圆形袖结构来缓解穿透破坏;（2）桩腿的面积比、开孔率、来流角度等因素对冲刷坑形状都存在影响。最大冲刷深度随着开孔率的增大而减小,当开孔率较大时,冲刷现象近似于群桩冲刷,出现随着冲刷角度的增大冲刷深度先增大后减小的现象;（3）当考虑冲刷坑对于桩靴承载力的影响时,简化模型能够合理反映冲刷坑对于桩靴基础承载力的影响。     

公众参与在环境影响评价中的应用

目前,公众参与不但是环评工作的一个重要内容,而且对实施可持续发展战略起到重要作用。环境影响评价中的公众参与部分包括:公众享有环境知情权和参与决策权;合适的公众参与的主体范围;明确的公众参与环评的程序和方法;公众参与环评的保障机制。     

利用烟气低温废热干燥处理印染污泥的中试

介绍一种利用烟气低温废热日处理印染污泥36t的中试系统,可一次将含水<80%的印染污泥直接干燥成含水10%~40%的干污泥,干污泥呈小颗粒状,全部可送入循环流化床锅炉燃烧以利用其热能。干燥系统内贫氧,避免污泥在干燥过程中爆燃现象;干燥系统设备及管道壁面附着1层约4mm左右的干硬保护层,阻止了烟气对设备及管道的腐蚀,运行安全。该系统也可适用于生化污泥、城市污泥及造纸污泥的处理。     

对加强放射源管理的几点思考

随着我国经济的高速发展,核技术应用、伴生矿资源开发利用等已扩展到各个领域,应用单位和数量与日俱增,给社会、环境带来潜在的安全隐患,加强放射源管理显得尤为重要。文章围绕放射源管理中存在的问题,采取的措施,提出了加强放射源管理的建议。     

Agricultural solid waste for sorption of metal ions: part I—characterization and use of lettuce roots and sugarcane bagasse for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) sorption from aqueous medium

Sugarcane bagasse and hydroponic lettuce roots were used as biosorbents for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) removal from monoelemental solutions in aqueous medium, at pH 5.5, using batch procedures. These biomasses were studied in natura (lettuce roots, NLR, and sugarcane bagasse, NSB) and modified with HNO₃ (lettuce roots, MLR, and sugarcane bagasse, MSB). Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich non-linear isotherm models were used to evaluate the data from the metal ion adsorption assessment. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_max) in monoelemental solution, calculated using the Langmuir isothermal model for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II), were respectively 24.61, 2.64, 23.04, and 5.92 mg/g for NLR; 2.29, 16.89, 1.97, and 2.88 mg/g for MLR; 0.81, 0.06, 0.83, and 0.46 mg/g for NSB; and 1.35, 2.89, 20.76, and 1.56 mg/g for MSB. The Freundlich n parameter indicated that the adsorption process was favorable for Cu(II) uptake by NLR; Fe(II) retention by MLR and MSB; and Zn(II) sorption by NSB, MLR, and NSB and favorable for all biomasses in the accumulation of Mn(II). The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was applied to estimate the energy (E) and type of adsorption process involved, which was found to be a physical one between analytes and adsorbents. Organic groups such as O–H, C–O–C, CH, and C=O were found in the characterization of the biomass by FTIR. In the determination of the biomass surface charges by using blue methylene and red amaranth dyes, there was a predominance of negative charges.     

Agricultural solid waste for sorption of metal ions,part II: competitive assessment in multielemental solution and lake water

Sugarcane bagasse and hydroponic lettuce roots were used as biosorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) from multielemental solutions and lake water, in batch processes. These biomasses were studied in natura (lettuce roots, NLR, and sugarcane bagasse, NSB) and chemically modified with HNO₃ (lettuce roots, MLR, and sugarcane bagasse, MSB). The results showed higher adsorption efficiency for MSB and either NLR or MLR. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_max) in multielemental solution for Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) were 35.86, 31.42, 3.33, and 24.07 mg/g for NLR; 25.36, 27.95, 14.06, and 6.43 mg/g for MLR; 0.92, 3.94, 0.03, and 0.18 mg/g for NSB; and 54.11, 6.52, 16.7, and 1.26 mg/g for MSB, respectively. The kinetic studies with chemically modified biomasses indicated that sorption was achieved in the first 5 min and reached equilibrium around 30 min. Sorption of Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) in lake water by chemically modified biomasses was 24.31, 14.50, 8.03, and 8.21 mg/g by MLR, and 13.15, 10.50, 6.10, and 5.14 mg/g by MSB, respectively. These biosorbents are promising and low costs agricultural residues, and as for lettuce roots, these showed great potential even with no chemical modification.     

The Forest‐Streamflow Relationship in China: A 40‐Year Retrospect1

Abstract: The relationship between forests and streamflows has long been an important research interest in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize progress and lessons learned from the forest‐streamflow studies over the past four decades in China. To better measure the research gaps between China and other parts of the world, a brief global review on the findings from paired watershed studies over the past 100 years was also provided. In China, forest management shifted in the later 1990s from timber harvesting to forest restoration. Forest‐streamflow research was accordingly changed from assessing harvesting impacts to evaluating both harvesting and forestation effects. Over the past four decades, Chinese forest hydrology research has grown substantially. Significant progress has been made on measuring individual processes, but little solid, long‐term data were available to assess the relationship between forest changes and streamflows because of an absence of standard paired watersheds. In addition, misuse of statistical analyses was often found in the literature. A unique opportunity exists in China to study the forestation effects on streamflow as several large‐scale forestation programs are being implemented. Such an opportunity should include a robust paired watershed design under an integrated watershed ecosystem framework to avoid repeating the lessons already learned. Recommendations on future forest‐streamflow research directions in China are provided.     

新型钛铜复合管在流动海水中的腐蚀行为

设计了循环管路,通过海水管路冲刷腐蚀试验,对比研究了新研制的爆炸焊钛铜复合管与铜管的耐海水腐蚀性能。宏观和微观腐蚀形貌以及微观成分分析表明,在海水冲刷作用下,铜管受到腐蚀,微观表面呈现颗粒状形貌,钛铜复合管无腐蚀,表现出了良好的应用性能。