“参与式”教学模式在公共体育课准备活动中的应用研究

通过文献资料法及教学实践经验,对中国环境管理干部学院准备活动中的"参与式"教学模式进行了探讨与总结,提出了准备活动中"参与式"教学模式运用的意义、实施方法和策略,并认为教师充分发挥其指导、反馈和评价作用是"参与式"教学模式有效开展的有力保证。     

河北海岸带大雾特征分析及天气概念模型

利用2001—2010年乐亭、秦皇岛大雾监测的252个个例及Micaps3．0常规资料,分析了河北海岸带大雾的时空尺度分布特征,初步建立大雾天气概念模型。研究结果显示：2001—2010年大雾年际变化不大,2005年达到日数最少为17次,2006年达到最多为34次;大雾日具有明显的月变化,一年当中各月均有大雾出现,其中以11~12月大雾日数最多,8~9月次之,其他各月较少;南到东南风、弱的均压场、适宜的海温均有利于产生大雾天气。     

河南省水泥生产过程中CO2排放量估算

水泥是重要的建筑材料,水泥工业的快速发展有力地支撑了我国经济的高速增长。但水泥生产过程中石灰石分解产生的CO2已成为重要的CO2排放源。根据2006年IPCC提供的水泥生产过程碳排放估算方法,采用全国吨水泥熟料比推算河南水泥熟料产量,对1990—2010年河南水泥生产过程CO2的排放量进行了估算,其结果可为河南省节能减排政策的制定提供科学依据。     

A field study of the relationship between sulfide-bound metals and bioaccumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river

Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) has been regarded as an important factor controlling metal bioavailability in anoxic sediments, but its effect on metal accumulation under natural conditions is poorly understood. Here, a field study of the influence of AVS on metal accumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river is provided. Most of the study area was subject to anaerobic and strongly reducing conditions, and the concentration of trace metals in surface sediments was high, as were the concentration of AVS and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM; average AVS?=?20.3 μmol g^?1, average ∑SEM₅?=?9.42 μmol g^?1; ∑SEM₅ refers to the sum of SEM_Cd, SEM_Cu, SEM_Pb, SEM_Ni, and SEM_Zn). Only a few species and small quantities of benthic invertebrates were found, and Limnodrilus sp. was dominant. There was no correlation between trace metal accumulation and (SEM-AVS), and in stations where (SEM-AVS) <0, the absolute value of bioaccumulation was high (average ∑BIO₅?=?4.07 μmol g^?1; ∑BIO₅ refers to the sum of BIO_Cd, BIO_Cu, BIO_Pb, BIO_Ni, and BIO_Zn), indicating that there was no relationship between (SEM–AVS) and metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp. This was likely because Limnodrilus sp. ingest sediment particles as their main food source, so pore water metals play a minor role in their bioaccumulation (BIO) of materials. However, ∑BIO₅ was significantly correlated with ∑SEM₅ (r?=?0.795, p?<?0.01), revealing that the large number of sulfide-bound metals (SEM) in sediments may play an important role in metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp., which can assimilate sulfide-associated metals by the help of the digestive fluids in the digestive systems.     

Emission characteristics of offshore fishing ships in the Yellow Bo Sea, China

Maritime transport has been playing a decisive role in global trade. Its contribution to the air pollution of the sea and coastal areas has been widely recognized. The air pollutant emission inventories of several harbors in China have already been established. However,the emission factors of local ships have not been addressed comprehensively, and thus are lacking from the emission inventories. In this study, on-board emission tests of eight diesel-powered offshore fishing ships were conducted near the coastal region of the northern Yellow Bo Sea fishing ground of Dalian, China. Results show that large amounts of fine particles( 0.5 μm, 90%) were found in maneuvering mode, which were about five times higher than those during cruise mode. Emission rates as well as emission factors based on both distance and fuel were determined during the cruise and maneuvering modes(including departure and arrival). Average emission rates and distance-based emission factors of CO, HC and PM were much higher during the maneuvering mode as compared with the cruise mode. However, the average emission rate of Nitrous Oxide(NOx) was higher during the cruise mode as compared with the maneuvering modes. On the contrary, the average distance-based emission factors of NOxwere lower during the cruise mode relative to the maneuvering mode due to the low sailing speed of the latter.     

Oxidation of diclofenac by birnessite: Identification of products and proposed transformation pathway

Diclofenac(DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, reacted readily with birnessite under mild conditions, and the pseudo first order kinetic constants achieved 8.84 × 10^-2 hr^-1. Five products of DCF including an iminoquinone product(2,5-iminoquinone-diclofenac) and four dimer products were observed and identified by tandem mass spectrometry during the reaction. Meanwhile, 2,5-iminoquinone-diclofenac was identified to be the major product, accounting for 83.09% ...     

家庭室内PM2.5中POPs污染状况及其与儿童哮喘的关系

为了探讨家庭室内PM_(2.5)中POPs的污染状况及其与儿童哮喘的关系.于2014年12月—2015年3月对上海市29个哮喘患儿童及31个健康儿童的家庭室内PM_(2.5)进行采样.采用GC-MS测定了样本中13种PBDEs、17种PAHs及27种PCBs的质量浓度,用GC-μECD测定了9种OCPs的质量浓度,并用SPSS19.0进行数据的统计学分析.家庭室内PM_(2.5)中持久性有机污染物污染状况的结果表明,所有样本∑PBDEs的浓度平均值为32.2 pg·m~(-3),其中,BDE-209占比最大(61.7%);∑PAHs浓度平均值为52.3 ng·m~(-3),7种致癌多环芳烃占比51.8%;∑OCPs浓度平均值为1016.4 pg·m~(-3),HCHs占比最大(43.7%),其次为DDTs,占比29.1%;∑PCBs浓度平均值为72.7 pg·m~(-3),以PCB-82、PCB-99、PCB-8及PCB-49为主.分析污染状况与哮喘的关系发现,病例组样本的∑PBDEs浓度和∑PAHs浓度高于对照组,两者间的差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);病例组样本的∑OCPs浓度和∑PCBs浓度低于对照组,仅∑OCPs浓度在两组间的差异具有统计学意义(p0.05).研究表明,家庭室内PM_(2.5)中POPs污染普遍存在,且哮喘儿童患者家庭室内PM_(2.5)中部分PBDEs、PAHs、OCPs浓度与对照组之间存在显著差异.     

天津市规模化奶牛养殖场废水中典型抗生素处理效果及生态风险评估

为了解天津市规模化奶牛养殖场废水处理前后典型抗生素的浓度水平及处理效果,使用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱仪(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)技术,对天津市12家规模化奶牛养殖场废水中7种典型抗生素进行调查监测.结果表明,12家规模化奶牛养殖场废水处理前后均不同程度地检测出抗生素残留.废水处理前,替米考星(TIL)、盐酸土霉素(OTC)、司帕沙星(SPA)、磺胺噻唑(STZ)、氧氟沙星(OFL)和盐酸沙拉沙星(SAR)检出率均为100%,磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)检出率为83. 33%.其中替米考星和盐酸土霉素为未处理废水中主要的抗生素成分,浓度为25. 21μg·L~(-1)和9. 87μg·L~(-1).处理后废水中磺胺嘧啶和氧氟沙星的检出率下降至25. 00%和41. 66%,主要成分为替米考星和盐酸土霉素,但浓度有着明显地降低,分别为11. 30μg·L~(-1)和3. 71μg·L~(-1).不同的规模化奶牛养殖场对于抗生素的处理效果在24. 95%～81. 05%之间.厌氧-缺氧-好氧(AAO)处理工艺的综合处理效果优于厌氧好氧(AO)处理工艺.氧氟沙星、盐酸沙拉沙星、盐酸土霉素为处理后废水中主要的高风险污染物,各规模化奶牛养殖场都含有一种或多种RQs 1的抗生素,其排放对环境构成一定的生态风险.     

生物炭材料特征及其在灰水处理中应用研究进展

生物炭具有比表面积大、孔隙度高、表面官能团丰富等优点,在灰水处理方面有较大的应用潜力。介绍了灰水的水质水量特点及常见处理技术,重点对生物炭的性质、改性方法以及生物炭基质在灰水处理方面的国内外应用研究进展进行了综述,并分析了生物炭的再生性能。结果表明：目前应用于灰水处理的生物炭大多是木质源生物炭,木质源生物炭pH处于碱性范围,具有大比表面积、高孔隙度等优点,其比表面积和孔隙度大多数在0~520 m²/g和48%~83%;众多改性方法中,金属盐生物炭改性的研究较多,采用该方法改性后提高了生物炭的吸附能力,并使其磁化从而方便后期的分离回收;生物炭基质多应用于人工湿地、绿墙等生态处理系统进行灰水处理,在最优运行条件下对灰水中有机物、营养物质的去除率均能达到90%,具有良好的应用前景。最后对生物炭在灰水处理应用中存在的问题进行了总结,并从加强新污染物去除、生物炭再生及节能减耗3个方面对未来研究进行了展望。

     

填料筛选与表面改性提高生物滴滤塔除含H2S废气能力

生物滴滤塔的填料筛选及其表面性质改性优化可增加生物处理能力和系统抗冲击能力,通气比较了常用填料陶粒、鲍尔环、阶梯环,因去除效率较高,化学性质稳定筛选出陶粒为改性的基质,对表面进行FeCl3·6H2O理化高温改性,发现使用改性填料的生物滴滤塔系统H2S去除能力有较大提高,250mm填料高度实验中,在进气浓度1182～4396mg/m3范围内,去除率能稳定在95%以上,随机改变进气浓度153～4184mg/m3,系统均未失效表明其抗冲击能力较好。因而改性填料用于生物滴滤塔去除H2S可行。