臭氧-氯联合灭活饮用水中枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢为模型微生物,研究了实际水体中单独氯消毒、单独臭氧消毒和臭氧-自由氯联合作用的灭菌效果.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢对单独氯消毒的抗性很大,6 mg/L氯作用240 min后灭活率仅为0.84个对数级;臭氧对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢有较好的灭活效果,臭氧作用5 min,对其有4.68个对数级的灭活率.与单独氯消...     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定土壤中的汞

建立了微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定土壤中汞的方法。对微波消解条件、样品粒度等进行了优化,用3 mL硝酸和2 mL盐酸的混合酸作消解溶剂,在设定的微波条件下汞提取完全。用3%的盐酸作为反应载流,0.01%硼氢化钾与0.5%氢氧化钠的混合液为还原剂,直接定容后应用HG-AFS测定,通过测定国家标准参考物质和加标回...     

The potential environmental gains from recycling waste plastics: Simulation of transferring recycling and recovery technologies to Shenyang, China

With the increasing attention on developing a low-carbon economy, it is necessary to seek appropriate ways on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through innovative municipal solid waste management (MSWM), such as urban symbiosis. However, quantitative assessments on the environmental benefits of urban symbiosis, especially in developing countries, are limited because only a limited number of planned synergistic activities have been successful and it is difficult to acquire detailed inventory data from private companies. This paper modifies and applies a two-step simulation system and used it to assess the potential environmental benefits, including the reduction of GHG emissions and saving of fossil fuels, by employing various Japanese plastics recycling/energy-recovery technologies in Shenyang, China. The results showed that among various recycling/energy-recovery technologies, the mechanical waste plastics recycling technology, which produces concrete formwork boards (NF boards), has the greatest potential in terms of reducing GHG emissions (1.66 kg CO₂e/kg plastics), whereas the technology for the production of refuse plastic fuel (RPF) has the greatest potential on saving fossil fuel consumption (0.77 kgce/kg-plastics). Additional benefits can be gained by applying combined technologies that cascade the utilization of waste plastics. Moreover, the development of clean energy in conjunction with the promotion of new waste plastics recycling programs could contribute to additional reductions in GHG emissions and fossil fuel consumption.     

沿海丘陵地形区域大气环境质量预测模式体系

介绍了一套适合沿海丘陵地形条件的区域大气环境质量预测体系,它主要由局地扩散模式（ＨＰＤＭ模式,Ｍｉｓｒａ模式）、中尺度气象场模式和区域扩散模式（分段烟流模式）组成,该系统具有较快的计算速度。同时文章对气象场模式中所采用的三维准静力动力学模型在地形追随坐标下的形式进行了较完整的描述,对变换后湍流扩散项的近似取舍进行讨论并且对传统的分段烟流模式的分段烟流作了连续性定义的改进。     

有关化工石化建设项目环境风险评价技术评估的探讨

根据国家化工石化行业建设项目加强环境风险评价的主要规定,结合化工石化行业建设项目特点及环境影响技术评估,反思化工石化项目评价及评估工作,重点从环境风险评价方面,对进一步完善环境风险评价与防范的后评估,从严建设项目技术评估与环境管理等进行了初步探讨,目的是为建设项目环境影响技术评估和环境管理提供参考。     

碳酸钙和硼对棕红壤油菜锰毒缓解作用

对已酸化的棕红壤进行的油菜锰毒缓解研究表明, 施用碳酸钙在提高土壤ｐ Ｈ 和降低土壤交换性锰的基础上, 改善了土壤营养状况, 其中施用０ ． ５ ％ 碳酸钙处理的效果最好, 在这一碳酸钙水平下,土壤硼处于较高的活性, 土壤速效磷钾被油菜幼苗充分利用, 油菜幼苗对营养元素具有最大吸收量,使植株生物学产量达到最大值。酸化的棕红壤只需施用０ ． ５ ％ 的碳酸钙, 其土壤酸碱度便可恢复到正常水平, 如施用更多的碳酸钙, 会造成土壤营养再度失调, 油菜幼苗的生物学产量下降。在施用碳酸钙基础上配施硼素, 可使油菜生物学产量进一步提高, 相应的土壤环境得到更好的改善, 施硼可以降低锰毒植株磷的浓缩效应和提高营养元素的利用效率。因此, 碳酸钙－ 硼配施是缓解棕红壤油菜锰毒的一项重要措施。     

海藻提取物EClean生物工程技术处理富营养型地表水

以北京动物园的地表水为例,利用引进的海藻提取物EC lean生物工程技术对富营养化地表水进行处理试验研究。试验结果表明:应用此项技术有效降低了水体的浊度、COD和BOD5,水体脱氮降磷明显,藻类细胞密度下降,水体富营养化得到控制,减轻了“水华”藻类的危害。此技术在北京动物园富营养化水体的治理上表现出明显的应用效果。     

PROTECTING BEIJLNG'S MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY THROUGH WATERSHED MANAGEMEN AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: Watersheds above the Miyun reservoir, a principal source of surface water for Beijing, are designated to be managed for water production, but under the principle of multiple use. Because of the scarcity of arable land, these watersheds cannot be managed only for drinking water. Efforts are under way to reduce sediment delivery, improve the quality of water entering Miyun reservoir, and improve the welfare of watershed inhabitants. An economic appraisal of a watershed management project for the 3,298‐ha Shixia watershed above the Miyun reservoir, indicates a 24 percent economic rate of return on the investment made in the project. The net present value (NPV) of the project, calculated at a discount rate of 10 percent, is approximately US$3.49 million. Sensitivity analyses indicate that a doubling of labor costs lowers the NPV to US$2.07 million and a 10 percent decrease in benefits lowered the NPV to US$2.87. It is concluded that the implementation of conservation practices on the Shixia Demonstration Watershed represent an economically efficient use of resources.     

厌氧水解-SBR工艺处理高浓度有机废水运行工序的优化

将ASBR反应器和SBR反应器结合组成厌氧水解-SBR工艺用于养猪场废水的处理,ASBR反应器作为厌氧水解反应器,主要完成对有机物的水解,达到初步降解有机物的目的,在反应器每次进水量和排水量不大于其有效容积70%的前提下,研究了ASBR反应器厌氧搅拌段的时间对污水可生化性和对后续SBR脱氮处理效果的影响.结果表明,厌氧搅拌36h的污水既保持了较高的可生化性,出水BOD/COD保持在0.4左右,又能在后续SBR处理中取得较好的脱氮效果,经SBR反应器处理后出水NH₄⁺-N<10mg/L.通过实验分析进一步确定了好氧SBR反应器运行的最佳工序,厌氧水解-SBR运行工序优化后,BOD5的总去除率达到98%以上,NH₄⁺-N去除率达到99%以上,但出水COD_Cr达不到排放标准,经混凝沉淀处理后方能达标排放.     

Migration and remediation of organic liquid pollutants in porous soils and sedimentary rocks: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Underground pollution of soils and sediments is a major yet overlooked health issue, because pollutants are often trapped into inaccessible&nbsp;and complex...