炼油废水微生物燃料电池启动及影响因素

以炼油废水为碳源,构建双室填料型微生物燃料电池,考察接种液、外接电阻等电池启动条件,以及电导率、pH值和缓冲溶液强度等溶液性质对电池产电性能的影响。利用微生物燃料处理炼油废水,COD去除率(52±4)%,含油量去除率(81.8±3)%;利用废水中存在的原生菌即可启动电池,但启动期长,外加接种液可快速启动电池;启动时外接电阻的大小对电池稳定运行后的输出功率有明显影响,对电池内阻影响相对较小,当启动外接电阻为2 000Ω,电池输出功率最大,为288 mW/m3;随阳极溶液电导率电池增大,电池内阻降低,输出功率升高;pH值变化对电池阳极电势影响较大,进而影响电池输出,当溶液pH为9时,电池输出电压最大(388 mV),pH过高或过低均不利于电池产电;随着缓冲强度的增大,电池输出电压增大,且PBS缓冲强度的增大可从电导率增大和改善质子传递条件两方面提高电池的输出功率。     

改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法对维生素B12废水脱色处理

采用改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法对某制药厂维生素B12废水进行脱色处理。以废水色度去除率大于50％为目的,通过实验确定改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法处理维生素B12废水的最佳工艺条件：废水的pH为3．00,有机化膨润土的投加量为5g／L,PAC的投加量为6g／L,投加有机化膨润土后搅拌时间为30min时,废水的色度去除率可达到51．3％,处理成本为12．85元／t。O3氧化法的最佳条件：废水的pH保持不变,O3流量为5g／h,反应时间为2min,废水的色度去除率可达到68．8％,处理成本为0．96元／t。对比这2种方法,O3氧化法处理该废水成本更低、效率更高,并且能提高废水的可生化性以便后续处理。     

EGSB反应器处理焦化废水的颗粒污泥反应动力学研究

为了对处理实际焦化废水微氧EGSB反应器污染物去除机理进行研究,建立了处理实际焦化废水微氧EGSB反应器内污染物质降解动力学模型,考察EGSB反应器启动和稳定运行阶段不同运行条件时COD去除效果,并分析动力学参数的变化。研究确定了处理实际焦化废水(进水COD 2 000 mg/L左右)微氧EGSB反应器在启动和稳定运行阶段所适用的基质降解模型,动力学常数vmax、KI、KS、vmax/KS、KS/KI分别为7.34×10-3h-1、197.76 mg/L、19.53 mg/L、3.7×10-4L/(h·mg)、0.10和2.4×10-2h-1、66.64 mg/L、44.07 mg/L、5.4×10-4L/(h·mg)、0.66;微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥能够逐渐适应并高效降解焦化废水中污染物质,焦化废水中毒性污染物质对颗粒污泥的抑制程度是由KS/KI决定的,KS/KI越大,抑制程度越弱,处理实际焦化废水EGSB反应器启动和稳定运行阶段的KS/KI分别为0.04~0.1和0.66~0.74;液体上升流速Vup的提高能够明显提高最大比基质降解速率vmax,降低半饱和常数KS和抑制常数KI,最终强化微氧EGSB反应器的运行效果,稳定运行阶段COD去除率高达92.7%。     

A review of membrane fouling in municipal secondary effluent reclamation

Reclamation of municipal secondary effluent for non-potable purposes is considered vital in alleviating the demand for existing limited water supplies while helping to protect remaining water sources from being polluted. In recent decades, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane technologies have become increasingly attractive for reclamation of municipal secondary effluent because they are highly efficient, easy to operate, and economical. However, membrane fouling is a major obstacle in the development of membrane technology in municipal secondary effluent reclamation. This paper reviews three types of membrane fouling in municipal secondary effluent reclamation, namely, effluent organic matter (EfOM) membrane fouling, microbial membrane fouling, and inorganic membrane fouling, as well as their correlation. Membrane fouling by EfOM and microbes are found to be severe, and they are significantly correlated. Most previous studies conducted laboratory-scale experiments of membrane fouling with model organic matters and bacteria, but these model organic matters and bacteria might still be unrepresentative. More studies on membrane fouling in municipal secondary effluent reclamation with actual wastewater are essential.     

烯胺活化羟乙基乙二胺吸收CO2的反应热

以羟乙基乙二胺（AEEA）为基础吸收剂,分别加入二乙烯三胺（DETA）、三乙烯四胺（TETA）、四乙烯五胺（TEPA）作为活化剂,探讨了不同烯胺体积分数和CO2负载量（吸收的CO2与活化吸收剂的摩尔比）对各烯胺活化的AEEA吸收剂CO2吸收热、解吸热、CO2脱除率的影响。综合对比结果,最优的活化吸收剂为AEEA+5%（φ）DETA,其最低CO2吸收热为63.0 kJ/mol（以每摩尔CO2计）,解吸热为82.5 kJ/mol,CO2脱除率为76.2%。     

高等职业教育在建设生态文明中的任务与对策

党的十七大提出的"建设生态文明",充分体现了我党对生态建设的高度重视和对全球生态问题高度负责的精神;同时,"建设生态文明"也为高等职业教育的发展指出了新的努力方向.在建设生态文明的宏伟事业中,高等职业教育必须以科学发展观为指导,进一步转变办学思路,走产学研结合的道路,努力建设适应形势要求的师资队伍,尽快为国家培养出建设生态文明所需的实用型、技能型人才.     

Greening government procurement in developing countries: building capacity in China

With increasing environmental issues and depleting resources, the effective application of green government procurement (GGP) is urgently needed and potentially can have greater impacts in the developing world rather than in the developed world. Such an approach can help promote the general goal of sustainable development and address environmental issues through purchasing and facilitating the use of environmentally friendly services and products. This paper addresses this issue by employing a case study on China. We first trace the development of the GGP concept, its spread to Asian countries, and a number of approaches used to expand GGP adoption. We then review current practices in China on GGP, and analyze and identify some of the current barriers and problems in promoting green procurement in the Chinese governmental sector. We finally seek to identify possible appropriate capacity-building solutions, in order to facilitate the application of GGP in China.     

喹啉降解菌的降解效果考察

为了探索石油污染土壤中含氮杂环化合物的降解情况,在考察石油污染土壤理化性质的基础上,选择喹啉作为目标污染物,采用选择性富集培养的方法,从45份石油污染土壤样品中,分离得到155株降解喹啉污染物的高效降解菌株,从中选择降解效率较高的2株喹啉降解菌命名为Q5和Q24,进行喹啉的降解性能研究,比较了单一优势菌株、人工复合菌群和土壤中的自然菌群对喹啉的降解情况。实验结果表明,石油污染土壤中自然菌群对喹啉的降解效果好于单一的优势菌株和人工复合菌群。     

中国石化行业循环经济发展的现状与改进措施

发展循环经济是节能减排目标的要求.以石化行业为例,在充分调查的基础上,结合相关资料,详细分析探讨了中国石化行业发展循环经济的必要性及现状情况,并提出了针对性的建议和改进措施.     

生物修复的新方法——菌根根际生物修复

本文介绍了菌根根际生物修复方法 ,讨论了菌根根际生物修复方法的理论依据、机理和优缺点 ,探讨了从引入固氮菌、外源细菌两个方面对菌根根际调控以提高修复效果的可能性