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831.
832.
Ernstson H van der Leeuw SE Redman CL Meffert DJ Davis G Alfsen C Elmqvist T 《Ambio》2010,39(8):531-545
Urbanization is a global multidimensional process paired with increasing uncertainty due to climate change, migration of people,
and changes in the capacity to sustain ecosystem services. This article lays a foundation for discussing transitions in urban
governance, which enable cities to navigate change, build capacity to withstand shocks, and use experimentation and innovation
in face of uncertainty. Using the three concrete case cities—New Orleans, Cape Town, and Phoenix—the article analyzes thresholds
and cross-scale interactions, and expands the scale at which urban resilience has been discussed by integrating the idea from
geography that cities form part of “system of cities” (i.e., they cannot be seen as single entities). Based on this, the article
argues that urban governance need to harness social networks of urban innovation to sustain ecosystem services, while nurturing
discourses that situate the city as part of regional ecosystems. The article broadens the discussion on urban resilience while
challenging resilience theory when addressing human-dominated ecosystems. Practical examples of harnessing urban innovation
are presented, paired with an agenda for research and policy. 相似文献
833.
离子交换树脂处理二甲胺废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过ZGSPC106型树脂对水中二甲胺(DMA)的静态吸附、动态吸附和解吸试验,探讨了溶液pH、初始浓度、温度和流速等对树脂吸附DMA的影响以及合适的再生条件。结果表明,该树脂对DMA有较强的吸附能力,293K下树脂的静态饱和吸附量为138.89mg/g;动态吸附试验表明,进液流速为20mL/min较为适宜;以2mol/L的HCl溶液为洗脱剂,在洗脱流速为10mL/min条件下,4倍树脂体积的HCl溶液对饱和树脂的洗脱率达90%以上;该树脂具有良好的稳定性,可多次重复利用。 相似文献
834.
Yang Zhang Xiao-Huan Liu Kristen M. Olsen Wen-Xing Wang Bebhinn A. Do George M. Bridgers 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(23):2767-2779
The MM5/CMAQ system evaluated in Part I paper is applied to study the impact of emission control on future air quality over North Carolina (NC). Simulations are conducted at a 4-km horizontal grid resolution for four one-month periods, i.e., January, June, July, and August 2009 and 2018. Simulated PM2.5 in 2009 and 2018 show distribution patterns similar to those in 2002. PM2.5 concentrations over the whole domain in January and July reduced by 5.8% and 23.3% in 2009 and 12.0% and 35.6% in 2018, respectively, indicating that the planned emission control strategy has noticeable effects on PM2.5 reduction in this region, particularly in summer. More than 10% and 20% of 1-h and 8-h O3 mixing ratios are reduced in July 2009 and 2018, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of emission control for O3 reduction in summer. However, O3 mixing ratios in January 2009 and 2018 increase by more than 5% because O3 chemistry is VOC-limited in winter and the effect of NOx reduction dominates over that of VOC reduction under such a condition. The projected emission control simulated at 4-km will reduce the number of sites in non-attainment for max 8-h O3 from 49 to 23 in 2009 and to 1 in 2018 and for 24-h average PM2.5 from 1 to 0 in 2009 and 2018 based on the latest 2008 O3 and 2006 PM2.5 standards. The variability in model predictions at different grid resolutions contributes to 1–3.8 ppb and 1–7.9 μg m?3 differences in the projected future-year design values for max 8-h O3 and 24-h average PM2.5, respectively. 相似文献
835.
Wray Winterlin Charles Mourer Gregory Hall F. Kratzer George L.H. Weaver L.F. Tribble 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):209-224
Abstract Broiler chickens and swine fed furazolidone in their diet were sacrificed, and samples of liver, kidney, skin/fat and muscle were harvested and analyzed for furazolidone residue. Chickens fed 200 g of furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 21, 14, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Birds withdrawn from medication more than 5 days prior to slaughter had no residues in any of the tissues sampled. One of the 12 birds in each of the 5 day and 3 day withdrawal groups had detectable residues in the skin/fat. Seven of the 12 birds in the 0 day withdrawal group had residues of <2 ppb in skin/fat samples. Chickens fed 400 g furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 0 days before slaughter. Residues of 0.7 to 3.5 ppb were found in the skin of these birds; residues were not found in other tissues. Swine were fed 300 g furazolidone/ton of feed for 2 weeks or 150 g/ton for 5 weeks. They were withdrawn from treatment 10, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Tissue samples taken from these swine did not contain detectable furazolidone residues. 相似文献
836.
George F. Antonious Elizabeth Perkins Austin H. Cantor 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):481-487
A field study was conducted at Kentucky State University (KSU) Research Farm. The soil in five plots was mixed with sewage sludge, five plots were mixed with yard waste compost, five plots were mixed with laying hen manure each at 15 t acre?1, and five unamended plots that never received soil amendments were used for comparison purposes. Plots were planted with onion, Allium cepa L. var. Super Star-F1. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) determine the concentrations of two organosulfur compounds (dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide) in onion bulbs and 2) investigate the effect of mixing soil with three amendments (sewage sludge, yard waste, and chicken manure) on the concentration of dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide in onion bulbs. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analyses of onion oil in chloroform extracts revealed the presence of two major fragment ions that correspond to dipropyl disulfide and – trisulfide. Concentration of these two organic sulfur compounds was greatest (1.5 and 0.8 mg 100 g?1 fresh weight, respectively) in onion bulbs of plants grown in chicken manure and lowest (0.4 and 0.07 mg 100 g?1 fresh weight, respectively) in onion bulbs of plants grown in yard waste compost treatments. We concluded that chicken manure could be exploited in growing onions with health-promoting properties. 相似文献
837.
838.
Wang J Zhu X Zhang X Zhao Z Liu H George R Wilson-Rawls J Chang Y Chen Y 《Chemosphere》2011,83(4):461-467
As common engineered nanomaterials, TiO(2) nanoparticles (nTiO(2)) are usually perceived as non-toxic, and have already been widely used in many products and applications. Such a perception might have been shaped by some short-term studies that revealed no/low toxicity of nTiO(2) to cells and eco-relevant organisms. However, given the ultimate release of nTiO(2) into the aquatic environment, which can act as a sink for engineered nanoparticles, their long-term impact on the environment and human health is still a concern and deserves more research efforts. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that chronic exposure of zebrafish to 0.1 mg L(-1) nTiO(2), can significantly impair zebrafish reproduction. For instance, there was a 29.5% reduction in the cumulative number of zebrafish eggs after 13 weeks of nTiO(2) exposure. Thus, we provided timely information on indicating a serious risk of reproductive impairment of environments contaminated with low levels of nTiO(2) on aquatic organisms, leading to alterations in population dynamics and aquatic ecosystem balance, and thus warrants a careful scrutiny on toxicity assessment of nTiO(2), especially their long-term impact. 相似文献
839.
Between 1950 and 1963 approximately 11 million kilograms of mercury (Hg) were used at the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12 NSC) for lithium isotope separation processes. About 3% of the Hg was lost to the air, soil and rock under facilities, and East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) which originates in the plant site. Smaller amounts of Hg were used at other Oak Ridge facilities with similar results. Although the primary Hg discharges from Y-12 NSC stopped in 1963, small amounts of Hg continue to be released into the creek from point sources and diffuse contaminated soil and groundwater sources within Y-12 NSC. Mercury concentration in EFPC has decreased 85% from ∼2000 ng/L in the 1980s. In general, methylmercury concentrations in water and in fish have not declined in response to improvements in water quality and exhibit trends of increasing concentration in some cases. 相似文献
840.
Ascorbic acid, β-carotene, sugars, phenols, and heavy metals in sweet potatoes grown in soil fertilized with municipal sewage sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonious GF Dennis SO Unrine JM Snyder JC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(2):112-121
Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) used for land farming typically contains heavy metals that might impact crop quality and human health. A completely randomized experimental design with three treatments (six replicates each) was used to monitor the impact of mixing native soil with MSS or yard waste (YW) mixed with MSS (YW +MSS) on: i) sweet potato yield and quality; ii) concentration of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mo, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) in sweet potato plant parts (edible roots, leaves, stem, and feeder roots); and iii) concentrations of ascorbic acid, total phenols, free sugars, and β-carotene in sweet potato edible roots at harvest. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for total and extractable metals using two extraction procedures, concentrated nitric acid (to extract total metals from soil) as well as CaCl? solution (to extract soluble metals in soil that are available to plants), respectively. Elemental analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Overall, plant available metals were greater in soils amended with MSS compared to control plots. Concentration of Pb was greater in YW than MSS amendments. Total concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cr were greater in plants grown in MSS+YW treatments compared to control plants. MSS+YW treatments increased sweet potato yield, ascorbic acid, soluble sugars, and phenols in edible roots by 53, 28, 27, and 48%, respectively compared to plants grown in native soil. B-carotene concentration (157.5 μg g?1 fresh weight) was greater in the roots of plants grown in MSS compared to roots of plants grown in MSS+YW treatments (99.9 μg g?1 fresh weight). Concentration of heavy metals in MSS-amended soil and in sweet potato roots were below their respective permissible limits. 相似文献