Gender,extra‐firm mobility,and compensation attainment in the United States and Hong Kong

Using data from 739 U.S. managers and professionals and 593 Hong Kong Chinese managers and professionals we examined the moderating effects of gender on the relationship between changing employers and compensation attainment. While there were no gender‐based compensation differences early in the careers of these individuals (in 1991), large pay differences favoring men were observed in 1999 only among those who had followed an external labor market strategy. These results demonstrate that this phenomenon is not isolated to labor markets of the United States and strengthen the view that much of the observed pay differential favoring men has its origins in extra‐firm mobility, not intra‐firm gender discrimination. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Harpacticoida (crustacea, copepoda) of the great meteor seamount, with first conclusions as to the origin of the plateau fauna

Qualitative samples were taken at 26 stations on the Great Meteor Seamount and in the surrounding deep sea in order to record the meiofauna and to allow first qualitative faunistic investigations. Among the 26 taxa of meiofauna found, nematodes and copepods were the most abundant. Study of the Copepoda Harpacticoida yielded 28 supraspecific taxa, of which 11 have been selected for further investigation at the species level. Of the 56 species determined, 54 are new to science. Two separate faunas can be distinguished: one on the plateau (29 species) and one in the surrounding deep sea (23 species). The number of overlapping species (i.e. recorded in both areas) is rather low (four species). The high number of new species can be taken as a sign of pronounced endemism.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Non-Probabilistic Uncertainty in Subsurface Hydrology and Its Applications: an Overview

While a presumed equality between uncertainty and probability is dominant in subsurface hydrology, in other areas of science and engineering progress in the mathematics of uncertainty is leading the way in providing new types of uncertainty, distinct from probability. In this paper our focus is on one of these, namely fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. We start with an overview of fuzzy theory introducing terminology, notation, and concepts relevant to our paper. We continue our discussion with an overview of currently known applications in several areas that include subsurface characterization, groundwater flow and transport modeling, water resources management and optimization, and groundwater health risk assessment and management.     

Hemin dialkylphosphate compounds

The Science of Nature -     

Comparison of methods of preserving tissues for pesticide analysis

Formalin preservation, freezing, spoiling followed by freezing, and phenoxyethanol were compared in terms of concentrations of DDT, DDD, DDE, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide measured in brain, liver and carcass of birds fed dietary dosages of pesticides and in spiked egg homogenate. Phenoxyethanol proved to be an unsatisfactory preservative; the amount of extractable lipid was excessive, and measurements of concentrations in replicates were erratic. Concentrations of residues in formalin-preserved and frozen samples did not differ significantly in any tissue. Percentage lipid in brains and eggs, however, were significantly lower in formalin-preserved samples. Samples of muscle and liver that had been spoiled before freezing yielded less DDD, and muscle samples yielded more DDT than formalin-preserved samples. We conclude that formalin preservation is a satisfactory method for preservation of field samples and that the warming and spoiling of samples that may occur unavoidably in the field will not result in misleading analytical results.     

Road casualties and enforcement: distributional assumptions of serially correlated count data

OBJECTIVE: Road safety data are often in the form of counts and usually temporally correlated. The objective of this research is to investigate the distributional assumptions of road safety data in the presence of temporal correlation. METHODS: Using the generalized linear model framework, four distributional assumptions are considered: normal, Poisson, quasi-Poisson and negative binomial, and appropriate models are estimated. Monthly casualty and police enforcement data from Greece for a period of six years (January 1998-December 2003) have been used. The developed models include sinusoidal latent terms to capture the temporal serial correlation of observations. Several statistical goodness-of-fit diagnostic tests have been performed for the results of the estimated models, and the predictive capabilities of the models are investigated. RESULTS: The residuals of the quasi-Poisson and negative binomial models do not show any serial correlation. The signs of the estimated coefficients for all models are consistent and intuitive. In particular, a negative coefficient value for the number of breath alcohol controls indicates that the number of persons killed and seriously injured decreases as the intensity of breath alcohol controls increases. The Poisson model fails to capture the overdispersion in the data, thus underestimating the standard errors of the estimated coefficients. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the quasi-Poisson and negative binomial outperform the normal and Poisson models in this application. The findings of this research demonstrate a clear link between the intensification of police enforcement and the reduction of traffic accident casualties. In particular, an increase in the number of breath alcohol controls in Greece after 1998 contributed to a reduction in the number of persons killed and seriously injured from traffic accidents.