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61.
Octocorals are an important part of many ecosystems as they add three-dimensional complexity to the benthos and thereby increase biodiversity. The Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum, L. 1758) is a longevous octocoral that is harvested commercially, yet natural and anthropogenic influences on its population size structure are little understood. This study found that some harvested red coral populations had a significantly different size structure when compared to populations at the nearby Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Medas Islands at the Spanish Costa Brava (NW Mediterranean). Eighty-nine percent of the red corals in the harvested Costa Brava area are less than 10 years old and 96% of all colonies have not yet grown more than second-order branches. The size/age distribution of the harvested population is notably skewed towards younger and smaller colonies. Thus, although red coral is still abundant, its population structure is strongly distorted by harvesting. The results confirm that MPAs are useful to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural influences on population structure. However, 14 years of protection appears to be an insufficient recovery time for a longevous octocoral population such as red coral. 相似文献
62.
Konstantinos Skordas Georgios Papastergios Anestis Filippidis 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8465-8471
Forty-two soil and apple samples from central Greece were collected and analyzed with regards to the content in major (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, and S) and trace elements (As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ti, and Zn). Soil samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, while for the apples inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was implemented. Several elements such as As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Ti, and Zn, represent high concentrations in apples from the study area. These relatively high concentrations may be a consequence of the local geology, along with the excessive application of agricultural products such as fertilizers and agrochemicals. 相似文献
63.
The aim of this study is to contribute to the analysis of the environmental impacts deriving from common aspects of the service sector activity and to identify auxiliary actions and hot spots in order to improve the environmental performance of offices used for educational purposes. In that aspect, a screening life cycle assessment (LCA) for a university office-workstation of Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, was performed with the application of the SimaPro LCA software, and the Impact 2002+ method with fifteen impact categories for the interpretation of results. Findings from this research indicated that energy consumption for the powering electronic appliances was the key factor affecting most of the environmental impact categories examined. The impact categories most seriously affected by the office life cycle were the emissions of respiratory inorganics (39%), global warming (31%) and non-renewable energy use (27%). The saving of the energy consumed due to standby mode could lead to a reduction of 2.4% of the total energy consumption in the office in a yearly basis with proportional positive influence in all the respective impact categories. Additionally, utilization of solar energy through photovoltaic panels could lead to a reduction close to 90% for a number of impact categories. Therefore, actions and strategies for improving the environmental performance of academic offices should focus on the reduction of energy consumption. 相似文献
64.
Particulate matter emissions and gaseous air toxic pollutants from commercial meat cooking operations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nicholas Gysel William A.Welch Chia-Li Chen Poornima Dixit David R.Cocker Ⅲ Georgios Karavalakis 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):162-170
This study assessed the effectiveness of three novel control technologies for particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compound (VOC) removal from commercial meat cooking operations. All experiments were conducted using standardized procedures at University of California, Riverside''s commercial test cooking facility. PM mass emissions collected using South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Method 5.1, as well as a dilution tunnel-based PM method showed statistically significantly reductions for each control technology when compared to baseline testing (i.e., without a catalyst). Overall, particle number emissions decreased with the use of control technologies, with the exception of control technology 2 (CT2), which is a grease removal technology based on boundary layer momentum transfer (BLMT) theory. Particle size distributions were unimodal with CT2 resulting in higher particle number populations at lower particle diameters. Organic carbon was the dominant PM component (> 99%) for all experiments. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds and showed reductions with the application of the control technologies. Some reductions in mono-aromatic VOCs were also observed with CT2 and the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) CT3 compared to the baseline testing. 相似文献
65.
66.
Gertrud Cremer-Bartels Kunibert Krause Georgios Mitoskas Dirk Brodersen 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1984,71(11):567-574
The influence of 50% decrease and increase of the earth magnetic field on the activity of the enzymes hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) and N-acetyl-serotonintransferase (NAT) is proved in vivo and in vitro. NAT and HIOMT catalyse the melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland and in the retina. Our results support the hypothesis of Leask and Schulten, that molecular magnetic field sensitivity is the basis of animals' magnetic field detection. 相似文献
67.
Georgios Tsounis Sergio Rossi Maria Aranguren Josep-Maria Gili Wolf Arntz 《Marine Biology》2006,148(3):513-527
Red coral (Corallium rubrum, L. 1758) is an over-exploited Mediterranean gorgonian. The gonadal development cycle of this gorgonian is examined at the
Costa Brava (NW Mediterranean) taking into account for the first time colony size, depth and spatial horizontal variability.
This study compares the gonad development and fertility in two colony size classes (colonies <6-cm height, and >10-cm height,
both at 40–45-m depth), and two populations at different depths (16–18-m depth, and 40–45-m depth, both consisting of <6-cm
high colonies) in a 15-month period. The fertility of seven size classes (<2 cm to >12 cm high colonies, in 2 cm intervals)
was examined in the deep population, where large colonies were present. Furthermore, reproductive output was compared in 6
populations (distributed along more than 70-km coastline) one month before spawning (June). Red coral was found to be dioecious
and gonochoric with a sex ratio of 1:1, which differs from other NW Mediterranean populations. On the other hand, fertility
of different size classes indicates that small colonies of 2-cm height already produce gonads, which is in line with previous
studies. Female and male polyp fertility and sperm sac size increase significantly with colony size [sperm sac diameter: 476±144 μm
(mean±SD) and 305±150 μm in the >10-cm and <6-cm height colonies, respectively), whereas no significant effect on oocyte diameter
was found (oocyte diameter: 373.7±18.7 μm). Depth staggered spawning, that is, an earlier release of gonads in the shallow
populations, was observed in summer 2003, coinciding with the highest temperature gradient between shallow and deep water
during the study period. Colonies of <6-cm height were significantly less fertile than colonies >12 cm, thus the recommendation
of this study is that a minimum height should be incorporated into fishing regulations. The six studied populations at the
Costa Brava showed a comparable reproductive potential, which demonstrates little variability within the homogenous population
structure and range of size classes (due to overharvesting) found at the Costa Brava. The study of reproductive output is
an important tool for ecosystem management, and this work recommends basing specific exploitation laws for distinctive populations
on colony size, which is found to have a larger effect on reproductive potential than mesoscale variability.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
68.
Jiri van Straelen Frank Geuzebroek Nicholas Goodchild Georgios Protopapas Liam Mahony 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(2):316-320
This paper evaluates the opportunities and associated costs for post-combustion capture at a world-scale complex refinery. It is concluded that it is technically feasible to apply post-combustion capture at such a refinery. The costs for capture and sequestration from a gasifier are calculated to be lowest at about 30 Euro per ton; this process currently already produces a concentrated CO2 stream. Next, the CO2 source most suited for capture appears to be a combined stack, but there are a number of other sources that may be targeted at comparable costs. In total these sources may form about 40% of the overall refinery emissions. Our evaluations show the costs of capture from such sources based on available amine technology will be in the range of 90–120 Euro per ton, which is about 3–4 times higher than the current carbon trading values. The capture of CO2 from a large amount of smaller CO2 sources will bring along even much higher costs. A high-level study of the CO2 emissions profile of a number of Shell refineries shows that, typically, up to 50% of the emitted CO2 may be captured at similar costs. About 10–20% of concentrated CO2 associated with hydrogen manufacturing may be captured at lower costs. The remainder of emitted dilute CO2 will bring along significantly higher costs. Based on this study, it is concluded for the justification of the implementation of post-combustion capture at refineries, either a significant increase in carbon trading values, mandatory regulations, or a major technological break-through is required. 相似文献
69.
Spyros P. Karakitsios Pavlos A. Kassomenos Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis Georgios A. Pilidis 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(4):283-294
The objective of the present study is the exploitation of active sampling personal exposure data in assessing the factors
that affect exposure to benzene in combination with the widely accepted scheme of passive sampling—time microenvironment–activity
diaries (TMAD). The campaign included personal exposure measurements with both passive and active sampling in several microenvironments,
evaluation of TMAD kept by the volunteers, and a variety of environmental data (ambient air benzene determination, traffic
and meteorological observations). Due to the relatively elevated benzene traffic emissions, average personal exposure was
determined to be equal to 8.9 μg/m3, ranging between 5 and 20 μg/m3, which is a value highly related to the average urban concentration (9.2 μg/m3). The information gained from TMAD was embedded (in terms of spatial and temporal distribution) into three zones respectively,
in order to draw statistically significant conclusions about the exposure levels and the activity patterns. The contribution
of the activities to the overall amount of exposure was further quantified and refined by active sampling measurements. These
data revealed that driving in a traffic-congested road was the main activity leading to elevated exposure levels (up to 70 μg/m3), followed by walking on the roadside of a congested road (up to 35 μg/m3). Indoor exposure to benzene was in general lower than outdoor (indicating that traffic is the dominant source of benzene
emissions in the wider area), and it was significantly affected by the presence of environmental tobacco smoke. The higher
significance of the regression coefficients obtained by statistical analysis of the active sampling data was fundamental for
the development of a regression-based prediction exposure model. The model was evaluated through comparison with the passive
sampling data, which were considered as an unknown but realistic data exposure pattern. The model performed very well in terms
of expressing the variance of the exposure data with an average score of R
2 equal to 0.935. All of the above indicate that active sampling is a necessary albeit more laborious tool that needs to be
used as a complement to passive sampling for precise quantification of the factors determining personal exposure patterns. 相似文献
70.
Konstantinos Skordas Georgios Papastergios Lamprini Tziantziou Nikolaos Neofitou Christos Neofitou 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):81-94
Sixty-four samples from the groundwater resources of Trikala municipality, central Greece, were collected during two periods (2006 and 2007) and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, specific electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids), major ions (Ca2+, Cl?, HCO 3 ? , K+, Mg2+, Na+, NO 3 ? , SO 4 2? ), and several potentially toxic elements (Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sc, Si, Sn, Sr, U, V, Y, Zn). European Council directives and USEPA guidelines were used to assess the water quality. The results indicate that all samples are fresh water, suitable for human consumption. All basic ions and physico-chemical parameters have average concentrations below their recommended optimum limits with the exception of electrical conductivity, for January 2007, and nitrate for October 2006 and January 2007 sampling periods. This exceedance is the result of dissolution of minerals such as calcite and dolomite that are present in the surrounding rocks and the application of fertilizers, respectively. Lead is the only element with an average value that exceeds the recommended EC guideline, while special attention should be paid to one borehole (T9) which has elevated NO 3 ? values which may pose a risk to human health. 相似文献