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排序方式: 共有276条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
71.
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov Glenn W. Stratton James Pincock Stephanie Butler Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova Nedko K. Nedkov Patrick D. Gerard 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(7):2160-2164
A container experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that uncomposted wool wastes could be used as nutrient source and growth medium constituent for container-grown plants. The treatments were: (1) rate of wool-waste application (0 or unamended control, 20, 40, 80, and 120 g of wool per 8-in. pot), (2) growth medium constituents [(2.1) wool plus perlite, (2.2) wool plus peat, and (2.3) wool plus peat plus perlite], and (3) plant species (basil and Swiss chard). A single addition of 20, 40, 80, or 120 g of wool-waste to Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in pots with growth medium provided four harvests of Swiss chard and five harvests of basil. Total basil yield from the five harvests was 1.6–5 times greater than the total yield from the unamended control, while total Swiss chard yield from the four harvests was 2–5 times greater relative to the respective unamended control. The addition of wool-waste to the growth medium increased Swiss chard and basil tissue N, and NO3–N and NH4–N in growth medium relative to the unamended control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis of wool fibers sampled at the end of the experiments indicated various levels of decomposition, with some fibers retaining their original surface structure. Furthermore, most of the wool fibers’ surfaces contained significant concentrations of S and much less N, P, or K. SEM/EDX revealed that some plant roots grow directly on wool-waste fibers suggesting either (1) root directional growth towards sites with greater nutrient concentration and/or (2) a possible role for roots or root exudates in wool decomposition. Results from this study suggest that uncomposted wool wastes can be used as soil amendment, growth medium constituent, and nutrient source for container-grown plants. 相似文献
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Rahel C. Brändli Upal Ghosh Gijs D. Breedveld Gerard Cornelissen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3465-3470
Activated carbon (AC) strongly sorbs organic pollutants and can be used for remediation of soils and sediments. A method for AC quantification is essential to monitor AC (re)distribution. Since AC is black carbon (BC), two methods for BC quantification were tested for AC mixed in different soils and sediments: i) chemothermal oxidation (CTO) at a range of temperatures and ii) wet-chemical oxidation with a potassium dichromate/sulfuric acid solution. For three soils, the amount of AC was accurately determined by CTO at 375 °C. For two sediments, however, much of the AC disappeared during combustion at 375 °C, which could probably be explained by catalytic effects by sediment constituents. CTO at lower temperatures (325-350 °C) was a feasible alternative for one of the sediments. Wet oxidation effectively functioned for AC quantification in sediments, with almost complete AC recovery (81-92%) and low remaining amounts of native organic carbon (5-16%). 相似文献
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Kyle Meisterling Constantine Samaras Vanessa Schweizer 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(2):222-230
A streamlined hybrid life cycle assessment is conducted to compare the global warming potential (GWP) and primary energy use of conventional and organic wheat production and delivery in the US. Impact differences from agricultural inputs, grain farming, and transport processes are estimated. The GWP of a 1 kg loaf of organic wheat bread is about 30 g CO2-eq less than the conventional loaf. When organic wheat is shipped 420 km farther to market, organic and conventional wheat systems have similar impacts. These results can change dramatically depending on soil carbon accumulation and nitrous oxide emissions from the two systems. Key parameters and their variability are discussed to provide producers, wholesale and retail consumers, and policymakers metrics to align their decisions with low-carbon objectives. 相似文献
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Many recreational anglers practice catch-and-release angling, where fish are returned to the water with the presumption that
they will survive. However, not all fish survive, and those that do often experience sublethal consequences including injury
and stress. There is compelling scientific evidence that angler behavior and gear choice can affect the success of catch-and-release
as a management and conservation strategy. Because anglers often look to government natural resource agencies for guidance
on how to handle and release fish properly, there is a need to assess whether their outreach materials are readily accessible
and provide the necessary and correct information on the subject. Therefore, on-line catch-and-release guidelines developed
by state and provincial natural resource agencies across North America were evaluated to determine whether their guidelines
were consistent with the best available scientific information. This analysis revealed that there was immense variation in
the depth and breadth of coverage among jurisdictions. Agency guidelines contradicted one another in several areas including
air exposure, angling in deep water, venting trapped gases, and resuscitation. In many cases, the guidelines failed to provide
sufficient direction to actually be of use to anglers or provide direction consistent with contemporary scientific literature.
This analysis will assist with developing outreach materials that promote sustainable recreational fisheries and in maintaining
the welfare status of individual fish. 相似文献
78.
Black carbon: the reverse of its dark side 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Koelmans AA Jonker MT Cornelissen G Bucheli TD Van Noort PC Gustafsson O 《Chemosphere》2006,63(3):365-377
The emission of black carbon is known to cause major environmental problems. Black carbon particles contribute to global warming, carry carcinogenic compounds and cause serious health risks. Here, we show another side of the coin. We review evidence that black carbon may strongly reduce the risk posed by organic contaminants in sediments and soils. Extremely efficient sorption to black carbon pulls highly toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, polybrominated diphenylethers and pesticides into sediments and soils. This increased sorption is general, but strongest for planar (most toxic) compounds at environmentally relevant, low aqueous concentrations. Black carbon generally comprises about 9% of total organic carbon in aquatic sediments (median value of 300 sediments), and then may reduce uptake in organisms by up to two orders of magnitude. This implies that current environmental risk assessment systems for these contaminants may be unnecessarily safe. 相似文献
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