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Framing the relationship between people and nature in the context of European conservation
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John D. C. Linnell Petra Kaczensky Ulrich Wotschikowsky Nicolas Lescureux Luigi Boitani 《Conservation biology》2015,29(4):978-985
A key controversy in conservation is the framing of the relationship between people and nature. The extent to which the realms of nature and human culture are viewed as separate (dualistic view) or integrated is often discussed in the social sciences. To explore how this relationship is represented in the practice of conservation in Europe, we considered examples of cultural landscapes, wildlife (red deer, reindeer, horses), and protected area management. We found little support, for a dualistic worldview, where people and nature are regarded as separate in the traditional practice of conservation in Europe. The borders between nature and culture, wild and domestic, public land and private land, and between protected areas and the wider landscape were blurred and dynamic. The institutionalized (in practice and legislation) view is of an interactive mutualistic system in which humans and nature share the whole landscape. However, more dualistic ideals, such as wilderness and rewilding that are challenging established practices are expanding. In the context of modern day Europe, wilderness conservation and rewilding are not valid for the whole landscape, although it is possible to integrate some areas of low‐intervention management into a wider matrix. A precondition for success is to recognize and plan for a plurality of values concerning the most valid approaches to conservation and to plan for this plurality at the landscape scale. 相似文献
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Cecilia Vecoli Luigi Montano Maria Grazia Andreassi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(23):23339-23348
About a quarter of the human diseases occurs for exposure to air pollution. The male reproductive system, and especially spermatogenesis, seems to be particularly sensitive. As result, male infertility is increasing in industrial countries becoming a top priority for public health. In addition to psychological distress and economic constraints, poorer semen quality may have trans-generational effects including congenital malformations in the offspring and predispose to later onset adult diseases. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in the failure of spermatogenesis. In this paper, we reviewed the major evidences of the effects of air pollutants on male infertility as well as the role of sperm DNA damage and epigenetic changes in affecting spermatogenesis. A better knowledge on the effects of air contaminants on the molecular mechanisms leading to infertility is of huge importance to help clinicians in identifying the cause of infertility but above all, in defining preventive and therapeutic protocols. 相似文献
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Morpho-functional group classifications have been widely used in studies concerning benthic macroalgal communities, due to
their easy application and the reduced cost and workload compared with species-level identifications. However, their effectiveness
in representing spatio-temporal patterns and describing the effect of disturbances has been disputed. We propose a new, expanded
classification of morphological functional groups based on thallus structure, growth form, branching pattern, and taxonomic
affinities. This approach was tested on subtidal macroalgal assemblages of the western Mediterranean. We examined the differences
in composition of assemblages subjected to different types of stressors using species, traditional morphological groups, and
new morphological groups. Results showed that the new morphological groups allowed to detect patterns highlighted through
species analyses generally better than the use of traditional morpho-functional groups. The new morphological groups may represent
a valid tool in monitoring programs and environmental impact assessments, where it is important to detect early stages of
environmental changes using methods that allow to examine a large number of samples in a limited time. 相似文献
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Luigi Cembalo Giuseppina Migliore Giorgio Schifani 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2013,26(1):281-303
European society, with its steadily increasing welfare levels, is not only concerned with food (safety, prices), but also with other aspects such as biodiversity loss, landscape degradation, and pollution of water, soil, and atmosphere. To a great extent these concerns can be translated into a larger concept named sustainable development, which can be defined as a normative concept by). Sustainability in the food chain means creating a new sustainable agro-food system while taking the institutional element into account. While different concepts of sustainability abound, in recent years, spontaneous groups of consumers called solidarity purchase groups (SPG) have been developing. In short, they are characterized by an economy that is not necessarily local, but ethical and equitable, where social and economic territorial relations tend to develop districts and networks. One of the main characteristics of a SPG is the direct relationships between small farms and their customers; a relationship that is characterized by consumer participation and farmer specialization. This study aims to address issues related to organizational frameworks, at farm and chain level, and to assess those elements that lead to consumer choice and satisfaction. 相似文献
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Francesco Lucarelli Paolo De Stefano Luigi G. Napolitano Pasquale Murino Rosario Vigliotti 《Environmental management》1994,18(4):597-604
After a critical analysis of the strategies for conservation of the environment in Latin America and of large-scale development
projects (agriculture and livestock raising, mining and electrical power plants) in the Amazon region of Brazil, this paper
deals with the use of high-resolution satellite imagery for environmental monitoring. Two areas were considered in the study,
Tucurui and Altamira. Spot/XS and Landsat/TM multispectral images were used, together with color aerial photographs of these
areas. A computer-assisted visual interpretation procedure was employed to analyze images, and linear multispectral transformation
was applied in selected subscenes in order to improve information extraction. The results indicate that high-resolution satellite
imagery is generally compatible with the scale of the environmental problems in Amazonia and is a very efficient source of
detailed information at a local scale on many aspects of the environment, in particular for monitoring changes over time in
selected areas. Therefore, commercial satellite imagery, processed by specialized software, can accommodate a variety of analysis
needs for decision makers and can also be an effective means of verification of international agreements on conservation of
the environment in Amazonia. 相似文献
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