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Paolo Giordani Giorgio Brunialti Luisa Frati Guido Incerti Luca Ianesch Emanuele Vallone Giovanni Bacaro Simona Maccherini 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1567-1576
The variability of biological data is a main constraint affecting the quality and reliability of lichen biomonitoring surveys for estimation of the effects of atmospheric pollution. Although most epiphytic lichen bioindication surveys focus on between-site differences at the landscape level, associated with the large scale effects of atmospheric pollution, current protocols are based on multilevel sampling, thus adding further sources of variation and affecting the error budget. We test the hypothesis that assemblages of lichen communities vary at each spatial scale examined, in order to determine what scales should be included in future monitoring studies. We compared four sites in Italy, along gradients of atmospheric pollution and climate, to test the partitioning of the variance components of lichen diversity across spatial scales (from trunks to landscapes). Despite environmental heterogeneity, we observed comparable spatial variance. However, residuals often overcame between-plot variability, leading to biased estimation of atmospheric pollution effects. 相似文献
64.
Giovanni Benelli Cesare Stefanini Giulia Giunti Serena Geri Russell H. Messing Angelo Canale 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(9):753-757
Animals rely on associative learning for a wide range of purposes, including danger avoidance. This has been demonstrated for several insects, including cockroaches, mosquitoes, drosophilid flies, paper wasps, stingless bees, bumblebees and honeybees, but less is known for parasitic wasps. We tested the ability of Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) females to associate different dosages of two innately attractive host-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), ethyl octanoate and decanal, with danger (electric shocks). We conducted an associative treatment involving odours and shocks and two non-associative controls involving shocks but not odours and odours but not shocks. In shock-only and odour-only trained wasps, females preferred on HIPV-treated than on blank discs. In associative-trained wasps, however, P. concolor’s innate positive chemotaxis for HIPVs was nullified (lowest HIPV dosage tested) or reversed (highest HIPV dosage tested). This is the first report of associative learning of olfactory cues for danger avoidance in parasitic wasps, showing that the effects of learning can override innate positive chemotaxes. 相似文献
65.
De Silva Sena S. Turchini Giovanni M. 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(5):459-467
The status of wild capture fisheries has induced many fisheries and conservation scientists to express concerns about the
concept of using forage fish after reduction to fishmeal and fish oil, as feed for farmed animals, particularly in aquaculture.
However, a very large quantity of forage fish is being also used untransformed (fresh or frozen) globally for other purposes,
such as the pet food industry. So far, no attempts have been made to estimate this quantum, and have been omitted in previous
fishmeal and fish oil exploitation surveys. On the basis of recently released data on the Australian importation of fresh
or frozen fish for the canned cat food industry, here we show that the estimated amount of raw fishery products directly utilized
by the cat food industry equates to 2.48 million metric tonnes per year. This estimate, plus the previously reported global
fishmeal consumption for the production of dry pet food suggest that 13.5% of the total 39.0 million tonnes of wild caught
forage fish is used for purposes other than human food production. This study attempts to bring forth information on the direct
use of fresh or frozen forage fish in the pet food sector that appears to have received little attention to this date and
that needs to be considered in the global debate on the ethical nature of current practices on the use of forage fish, a limited
biological resource. 相似文献
66.
Ferraro Alberto Fabbricino Massimiliano van Hullebusch Eric D. Esposito Giovanni 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21960-21972
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A comparison of Cu extraction yields for three different ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS)-enhanced washing configurations was... 相似文献
67.
Kiskira Kyriaki Papirio Stefano van Hullebusch Eric Didier Esposito Giovanni 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):21323-21333
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fe(II)-mediated autotrophic denitrification with four different microbial cultures under different pH and EDTA/Fe(II) conditions was investigated in... 相似文献
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Influence of Environmental Factors on the Evolution of Industrial Noise-Induced Hearing Loss 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abbate C Concetto G Fortunato M Brecciaroli R Tringali MA Beninato G D'Arrigo G Domenico G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,107(1-3):351-361
The aim of the study is to investigate how environmental factors, associated with exposure to industrial noise, affect the development of chronic noise-induced hearing loss.The studywas conducted on 186 male subjectsworking in two bottling plants, situated respectively in a small farming community, and in a medium-sized city with significant levels of noise pollution. Levels of occupational exposure were the same for the two groups.The subjects were selected by means of a preliminary medical examination, and exposed to tonal hearing tests and acoustic impedance tests. Statistical analysis was performed on hearing threshold values obtained at the frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz.The comparison between the thresholds obtained in the two groups showed a statistically significant difference, especially at the frequency of 4000 Hz and for occupational exposure exceeding 17 yr. The results led us to conclude that environmental factors, and urban noise in particular, influence the onset and development of occupational acoustic trauma, and that those working in the country are significantly less affected than those in the city. Since occupational exposure was the same for both groups, their different responses must therefore be interpreted as due to differences in nonoccupational exposure, in turn dependent on different opportunities for rest from noise and different levels of exposure to noise pollution. 相似文献
70.
Kheyrollah Khosravi-Katuli Ermelinda Prato Giusy Lofrano Marco Guida Gonçalo Vale Giovanni Libralato 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(21):17326-17346
Recently, it was observed that there is an increasing application of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquaculture. Manufacturers are trying to use nano-based tools to remove the barriers about waterborne food, growth, reproduction, and culturing of species, their health, and water treatment in order to increase aquaculture production rates, being the safe-by-design approach still unapplied. We reviewed the applications of NPs in aquaculture evidencing that the way NPs are applied can be very different: some are direclty added to feed, other to water media or in aquaculture facilities. Traditional toxicity data cannot be easily used to infer on aquaculture mainly considering short-term exposure scenarios, underestimating the potential exposure of aquacultured species. The main outputs are (i) biological models are not recurrent, and in the case, testing protocols are frequently different; (ii) most data derived from toxicity studies are not specifically designed on aquaculture needs, thus contact time, exposure concentrations, and other ancillary conditions do not meet the required standard for aquaculture; (iii) short-term exposure periods are investigated mainly on species of indirect aquaculture interest, while shrimp and fish as final consumers in aquaculture plants are underinvestigated (scarce or unknown data on trophic chain transfer of NPs): little information is available about the amount of NPs accumulated within marketed organisms; (iv) how NPs present in the packaging of aquacultured products can affect their quality remained substantially unexplored. NPs in aquaculture are a challenging topic that must be developed in the near future to assure human health and environmental safety. 相似文献