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231.
Jamie Herring R. Glenn Cummins Forrest Melton 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(1):90-105
Literature suggests a need to develop climate communication tools that focus on the impacts of climate change at local scales to increase proximity and communicate the risks on a more personal level. However, the nature of raw climate projection data makes accessibility by the lay audience a challenge and necessitates the need for innovative technological approaches to its distribution. ClimateData.US was created as an interactive visualization tool based on downscaled climate projection data to increase proximity and render climate change as salient and personally relevant. This experiment evaluated whether interacting with ClimateData.US influenced participants’ climate change attitudes and concern and whether this effect varied as a function of geographic proximity. Findings revealed strong effects—regardless of geographic proximity—for interacting with the website on participants’ perceived reality of climate change, attitude certainty, and concern for climate change. 相似文献
232.
The emergence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the extractive industries represents a bid to legitimize the sector after decades of environmental disasters and the trampling of indigenous rights. But whilst the rise in CSR has meant safer technologies and better stakeholder engagement, there is little evidence of any real socio-economic development at the grassroots. This paper examines the uneasy relationship existing between the strategic ‘business model’ of CSR and the brand of development it delivers. Using evidence from two multinational extractive industries in Papua New Guinea, we show how weaknesses in CSR practice come from greater emphasis on meeting global ‘performance standards’ than on the specificities of the social contexts in which strategies are implemented. These weaknesses, we argue, lead to ill-conceived and inappropriate development programmes that generate inequality, fragmentation, and social and economic insecurity. We conclude that greater engagement with affected communities will facilitate the development of more mutually beneficial and appropriate CSR strategies. 相似文献
233.
Franklin R. Alvarez Glenn M. Shaul E. Radha Krishnan Daniel L. Perrin Maqsud Rahman 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):734-739
ABSTRACT Terpene-based cleaners are being widely used in industrial cleaning formulations because of their ability to replace suspected ozone-depleting chemicals such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113). Substitution of chlorinated solvents with ter-pene-based cleaners, however, is expected to result in increased discharges to wastewater from industrial operations. A pilot-scale study was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Test & Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, OH, to quantify the fate of specific terpene compounds in the activated sludge wastewater treatment process. Biodegradation rates of terpenes were estimated from the difference between the influent terpene mass flow rates and the amounts volatilized to air, partitioned to waste sludge, and passed through the treatment process unchanged. Any chemical transformation of the terpene compounds studied was attributed to biodegradation. Analytical methods were developed to determine ter-pene concentrations in aqueous and gaseous media. The fate of two common terpene compounds (d-limonene and terpinolene) were evaluated in three identical pilot-scale systems: (1) a system with a high target spike range (2–10 mg/L), (2) a system with a low target spike range (0.5–2 mg/L), and (3) a control system (no spike). The study showed that the primary removal mechanism for the terpene compounds in the activated sludge process is biodegradation. Typically, greater than 90% of the mass of terpenes entering the aeration basin of the activated sludge process biodegrades to other compounds; volatilization from the reaction basin accounts for less than 10%, while loss to waste activated sludge and the secondary clarifier effluent accounts for less than 1%. 相似文献
234.
Michael J. McFarland Jeffrey W. Watkins Micheal M. Kordich Dean A. Pollet Glenn R. Palmer 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):342-351
Abstract The Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) and Blast Operation Overpressure Model (BOOM) are semiempirical sound models that are employed by the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) to predict whether noise levels from the detonation of large missile motors will exceed regulatory thresholds. Field validation of SIPS confirmed that the model was effective in limiting the number of detonations of large missile motors that could potentially result in a regulatory noise exceedance. Although the SIPS accurately predicted the impact of weather on detonation noise propagation, regulators have required that the more conservative BOOM model be employed in conjunction with SIPS in evaluating peak noise levels in populated areas. By simultaneously considering the output of both models, in 2001, UTTR detonated 104 missile motors having net explosive weights (NEW) that ranged between 14,960 and 38,938 lb without a recorded public noise complaint. Based on the encouraging results, the U.S. Department of Defense is considering expanding the application of these noise models to support the detonation of missile motors having a NEW of 81,000 lb. Recent modeling results suggest that, under appropriate weather conditions, missile motors containing up to 96,000 lb NEW can be detonated at the UTTR without exceeding the regulatory noise limit of 134 decibels (dB). 相似文献
235.
Modeling the Effects of Tile Drain Placement on the Hydrologic Function of Farmed Prairie Wetlands
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Brett Werner John Tracy W. Carter Johnson Richard A. Voldseth Glenn R. Guntenspergen Bruce Millett 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(6):1482-1492
The early 2000s saw large increases in agricultural tile drainage in the eastern Dakotas of North America. Agricultural practices that drain wetlands directly are sometimes limited by wetland protection programs. Little is known about the impacts of tile drainage beyond the delineated boundaries of wetlands in upland catchments that may be in agricultural production. A series of experiments were conducted using the well‐published model WETLANDSCAPE that revealed the potential for wetlands to have significantly shortened surface water inundation periods and lower mean depths when tile is placed in certain locations beyond the wetland boundary. Under the soil conditions found in agricultural areas of South Dakota in North America, wetland hydroperiod was found to be more sensitive to the depth that drain tile is installed relative to the bottom of the wetland basin than to distance‐based setbacks. Because tile drainage can change the hydrologic conditions of wetlands, even when deployed in upland catchments, tile drainage plans should be evaluated more closely for the potential impacts they might have on the ecological services that these wetlands currently provide. Future research should investigate further how drainage impacts are affected by climate variability and change. 相似文献
236.
Water quality guidelines for chemicals: learning lessons to deliver meaningful environmental metrics
Graham Merrington Youn-Joo An Eric P. M. Grist Seung-Woo Jeong Chuthamat Rattikansukha Susan Roe Uwe Schneider Suthipong Sthiannopkao Glenn W. Suter II Rick Van Dam Patrick Van Sprang Ju-Ying Wang Michael St. J. Warne Paul T. Yillia Xiao-Wei Zhang Kenneth M. Y. Leung 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):6-16
Many jurisdictions around the globe have well-developed regulatory frameworks for the derivation and implementation of water quality guidelines (WQGs) or their equivalent (e.g. environmental quality standards, criteria, objectives or limits). However, a great many more still do not have such frameworks and are looking to introduce practical methods to manage chemical exposures in aquatic ecosystems. There is a potential opportunity for learning and sharing of data and information between experts from different jurisdictions in order to deliver efficient and effective methods to manage potential aquatic risks, including the considerable reduction in the need for aquatic toxicity testing and the rapid identification of common challenges. This paper reports the outputs of an international workshop with representatives from 14 countries held in Hong Kong in December 2011. The aim of the workshop and this paper was to identify ‘good practice’ in the development of WQGs to deliver to a range of environmental management goals. However, it is important to broaden this consideration to cover often overlooked facets of implementable WQGs, such as demonstrable field validation (i.e. does the WQG protect what it is supposed to?), fit for purpose of monitoring frameworks (often an on-going cost) and finally how are these monitoring data used to support management decisions in a manner that is transparent and understandable to stakeholders. It is clear that regulators and the regulated community have numerous pressures and constraints on their resources. Therefore, the final section of this paper addresses potential areas of collaboration and harmonisation. Such approaches could deliver a consistent foundation from which to assess potential chemical aquatic risks, including, for example, the adoption of bioavailability-based approaches for metals, whilst reducing administrative and technical burdens in jurisdictions. 相似文献
237.
Melanie Dickie Geoff G. Sherman Glenn D. Sutherland Robert S. McNay Michael Cody 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14004
Fragmentation of the boreal forest by linear features, including seismic lines, has destabilized predator–prey dynamics, resulting in the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations. Restoration of human-altered habitat has therefore been identified as a critical management tool for achieving self-sustaining woodland caribou populations. However, only recently has testing of the response of caribou and other wildlife to restoration activities been conducted. Early work has centered around assessing changes in wildlife use of restored seismic lines. We evaluated whether restoration reduces the movement rates of predators and their associated prey, which is expected to decrease predator hunting efficiency and ultimately reduce caribou mortality. We developed a new method for using cameras to measure fine-scale movement by measuring speed as animals traveled between cameras in an array. We used our method to quantify speed of caribou, moose (Alces alces), bears (Ursus americanus), and wolves (Canis lupus) on treated (restored) and untreated seismic lines. Restoration treatments reduced travel speeds along seismic lines of wolves by 1.38 km/h, bears by 0.55 km/h, and caribou by 1.57 km/h, but did not reduce moose travel speeds. Reduced predator and caribou speeds on treated seismic lines are predicted to decrease encounter rates between predators and caribou and thus lower caribou kill rates. However, further work is needed to determine whether reduced movement rates result in reduced encounter rates with prey, and ultimately reduced caribou mortality. 相似文献
238.
Jinghai Zeng Min Xing Glenn C. England Jing Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(9):945-957
The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) is considering strengthening the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Stationary Gas Turbines, originally published in 2011 (DB11/847–2011), with a focus on reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the current operation of 12 existing combined-cycle gas turbine power plants and the design of two new plants in Beijing and their emission reduction potential, in comparison with a state-of-the-art power plant in California. The study found that best management practices (BMPs) could potentially improve the emission level of the power plants, and should be implemented to minimize emissions under current design characteristics. These BMPs include (1) more frequent tuning of turbine combustors; (2) onsite testing of natural gas characteristics in comparison to turbine manufacturer’s specifics and tuning of turbine to natural gas quality; (3) onsite testing of aqueous ammonia to ensure adequate ammonia concentration in the mixed solution, and the purity of the solution; (4) more careful inspection of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) during operation and maintenance; (5) annual testing of the catalyst coupon on the SCR to ensure catalyst effectiveness; and (6) annual ammonia injection grid (AIG) tuning. The study found that without major modification to the plants, improving the management of the Beijing gas turbine power plants may potentially reduce the current hourly average NOx emission level of 5–10 parts per million (ppm; ranges reflects plant variation) by up to 20%. The exact improvement associated with each BMP for each facility requires more detailed analysis, and requires engagement of turbine, HRSG, and SCR manufacturers. This potential improvement is an important factor to consider when strengthening the emission standard. However, note that with the continuous needs of improving air quality within the area, more expensive control measures, such as retrofitting the turbines or the HRSGs, may be considered.
Implications: This study analyzed the potential emission reductions associated with implementing the best management practices (BMPs) on the combined cycle and cogeneration power plants in Beijing. It determined that implementing the BMPs could potentially achieve up to 580 metric tonnes, or 0.6%, reductions of all NOx emissions in Beijing. Many other cities in China and Asia battling air quality issues may find the information useful in order to evaluate the emission reduction potential of their own gas turbine power plants. 相似文献
239.
Glenn EP Hucklebridge K Hinojosa-Huerta O Nagler PL Pitt J 《Environmental management》2008,41(3):322-335
Arid zone rivers have highly variable flow rates, and flood control projects are needed to protect adjacent property from
flood damage. On the other hand, riparian corridors provide important wildlife habitat, especially for birds, and riparian
vegetation is adapted to the natural variability in flows on these rivers. While environmental and flood control goals might
appear to be at odds, we show that both goals can be accommodated in the Limitrophe Region (the shared border between the
United States and Mexico) on the Lower Colorado River. In 1999, the International Boundary and Water Commission proposed a
routine maintenance project to clear vegetation and create a pilot channel within the Limitrophe Region to improve flow capacity
and delineate the border. In 2000, however, Minute 306 to the international water treaty was adopted, which calls for consideration
of environmental effects of IBWC actions. We conducted vegetation and bird surveys within the Limitrophe and found that this
river segment is unusually rich in native cottonwood and willow trees, marsh habitat, and resident and migratory birds compared
to flow-regulated segments of river. A flood-frequency analysis showed that the existing levee system can easily contain a
100 year flood even if vegetation is not removed, and the existing braided channel system has greater carrying capacity than
the proposed pilot channel. 相似文献
240.
A new framework for environmental assessment is needed because no existing framework explicitly includes all types of environmental
assessments. We propose a framework that focuses on resolving environmental problems by integrating different types of assessments.
Four general types of assessments are included: (1) condition assessments to detect chemical, physical, and biological impairments;
(2) causal pathway assessments to determine causes and identify their sources; (3) predictive assessments to estimate environmental,
economic, and societal risks, and benefits associated with different possible management actions; and (4) outcome assessments
to evaluate the results of the decisions of an integrative assessment. The four types of assessments can be neatly arrayed
in a two-by-two matrix based on the direction of analysis of causal relationships (rows) and whether the assessment identifies
problems or solves them (columns). We suggest that all assessments have a common structure of planning, analysis, and synthesis,
thus simplifying terminology and facilitating communication between types of assessments and environmental programs. The linkage
between assessments is based on intermediate decisions that initiate another assessment or a final decision signaling the
resolution of the problem. The framework is applied to three cases: management of a biologically impaired river, remediation
of a contaminated site, and reregistration of a pesticide. We believe that this framework clarifies the relationships among
the various types of assessment processes and their links to specific decisions. 相似文献