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921.
The Mantophasmatodea is the most recently discovered insect order. The fossil records of all other ‘polyneopteran’ orders
extend far in the past, but the current absence of pre-Cenozoic fossils of the Mantophasmatodea contradicts a long evolutionary
history, which has to be assumed from the morphological distinctness of the group. In this paper, we report the first Mesozoic
evidence of a mantophasmatodean from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. Furthermore, the new fossil shares
apomorphic characters with Cenozoic and recent Mantophasmatodea, suggesting a longer evolutionary history of this order. 相似文献
922.
Gómara B González MJ Baos R Hiraldo F Abad E Rivera J Jiménez B 《Environment international》2008,34(1):73-78
This study provides information on the current status of contamination by organochlorines (DDTs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs) in the declining red kite (Milvus milvus L.) population breeding in the Do?ana National Park (DNP), south-western Spain. Analyses were performed in addled eggs collected between 1999 and 2001. DDE concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 33.5 microg/g ww, representing more than 86% of the total DDTs. Of the samples studied, 50% showed DDE levels above those associated with reproductive impairment in other raptor species. Concentrations of ortho PCBs (average 36.8 microg/g ww+/-37.7) in 50% of the eggs were much higher than levels reported to cause reduced hatching success, embryo mortality, and deformities in birds (>20 microg/g ww). It is remarkable that average ortho PCB and DDE concentrations showed an increase of one order of magnitude compared to previous data for the species during the 80s. Total PCDD/Fs showed levels in the low pg/g range (7.2-42 pg/g ww), having PCDDs and PCDFs similar contributions in most samples. Total mean TEQs were 238 pg/g (ww), being the range 7.02-667 pg/g (ww). Spatial variation within DNP was observed for PCBs, DDTs, as well as for TEQs. Since some eggs exceeded the NOEL (67%) and LOEL (33%) reported for other raptor species, we would expect the red kite to experience detrimental effects to dioxin-like toxicity. Our results suggest that organochlorine contaminants should be regarded as an element of concern in the population under study, in addition to other conservation problems already reported. Further investigations should be undertaken to identify potential sources of these chemicals in DNP, and to find out if organochlorine contamination is present in other predator species in the area, as well as their potential health effects on individuals and/or populations. 相似文献
923.
924.
Gutiérrez-Villanueva JL Martín-Martín A Peña V Iniguez MP de Celis B de la Fuente R 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(10):1520-1524
In situ gamma spectrometry provides a fast method to determine (137)Cs inventories in soils. To improve the accuracy of the estimates, one can use not only the information on the photopeak count rates but also on the peak to forward-scatter ratios. Before applying this procedure to field measurements, a calibration including several experimental simulations must be carried out in the laboratory. In this paper it is shown that Monte Carlo methods are a valuable tool to minimize the number of experimental measurements needed for the calibration. 相似文献
925.
Assessment of Self-Organizing Map artificial neural networks for the classification of sediment quality 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alvarez-Guerra M González-Piñuela C Andrés A Galán B Viguri JR 《Environment international》2008,34(6):782-790
The application of mathematical tools in initial steps of sediment quality assessment frameworks can be useful to provide an integrated interpretation of multiple measured variables. This study reveals that the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) artificial neural network can be an effective tool for the integration of multiple physical, chemical and ecotoxicological variables in order to classify different sites under study according to their similar sediment quality. Sediment samples from 40 sites of 3 estuaries of Cantabria (Spain) were classified with respect to 13 physical, chemical and toxicological variables using the SOM. Results obtained with the SOM, when compared to those of traditional multivariate statistical techniques commonly used in the field of sediment quality (principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)), provided a more useful classification for further assessment steps. Especially, the powerful visualization tools of the SOM, which offer more information and in an easier way than HCA and PCA, facilitate the task of establishing an order of priority between the distinguished groups of sites depending on their need for further investigations or remediation actions in subsequent management steps. 相似文献
926.
Lassina Traoré Tene Kwetche Sop Sidzabda Djibril Dayamba Salifou Traoré Karen Hahn Adjima Thiombiano 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2013,15(3):663-686
Natural vegetation and native plant species contribute significantly to the daily needs of local people especially in developing countries. This exerts a high pressure on local species and jeopardizes the conservation of the most vulnerable plants. In Burkina Faso, conservation measures, such as the creation of protected forests, have been taken to safeguard the remaining indigenous vegetation. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these protected areas in conserving biodiversity. This study assessed and compared the population structures and regeneration potential of three vulnerable woody species—Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst., Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. and Sterculia setigera Del.—in protected and unprotected areas in the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso. The population structure and regeneration pattern of each species were compared between the North and South Sudanian sectors of Burkina Faso. The populations of all three species were unstable in both protected and unprotected areas. D. mespiliformis and P. africana displayed relatively good regeneration while P. africana lacked regeneration in unprotected areas. Regeneration was poor for S. setigera, regardless of protection status. The results suggest that the populations of the targeted species are unstable, regardless of the protection status of the area considered. This is probably due to the high anthropogenic pressure facing natural resources and raises serious concerns about the effectiveness of the protected areas in conserving biodiversity. Urgent measures are needed to ensure effective and efficient management and conservation of biodiversity in the protected areas of Burkina Faso. 相似文献
927.
Activated carbon (AC) has recently been shown to be effective in sequestering persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from aquatic sediments. Most studies have demonstrated significant reductions of POP concentrations in water and in aquatic organisms; however, limited data exist on the possibility of using AC to immobilize remaining POPs at terrestrial contaminated sites. Under greenhouse conditions, pumpkin ssp cv. Howden) were grown, and red wiggler worms () were exposed to an industrial contaminated soil containing a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), i.e., Aroclors 1254 and 1260) treated with one of four concentrations of AC (0.2, 0.8, 3.1, and 12.5%) for 2 mo. The addition of AC to contaminated soils virtually eliminated the bioavailability of PCBs to the plant and invertebrate species. There were reductions in PCB concentrations of more than 67% in ssp and 95% in . These data suggest that AC could be included as part of comprehensive site closure strategy at PCB-contaminated sites. 相似文献
928.
Ben Vanpeperstraete Sébastien Duyck Medani P. Bhandari Janis Brizga Leida Rijnhout Sylvia Lorek A. Peter Castro Chiung Ting Chang Herman Daly Robert J. Didham Gianluca Ferraro Oliver Greenfield Ashok Khosla Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker Birgit Lode Simon Miles Henrique Pacini Semida Silveira Leisa Perch Jaap Rijnsburger Mukul Sanwal Sameera Savarala S. Jacob Scherr Kallidaikurichi E. Seetharam A.M.M. Adeeb Donna Shepherd Adrian Smith Lisinka Ulatowska Alice Vincent Werner John 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(4):334-342
929.
Gabi N. Waite Stéphane J. P. Egot-Lemaire Walter X. Balcavage 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(2):107-113
Over the past decades, strong evidence has accumulated that low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can be useful in treating
human pathologies, such as bone fractures, soft tissue illnesses, and pain. Common strategies for the design of commercial
therapeutic devices are to generate EMFs that simulate body endogenous EMFs, or EMFs that resonate with a particular biological
process, such as the natural motions of ions. We recently came across a biologically active commercial EMF signal that seems
to be different. The signal is generated by summing the fundamental frequencies and harmonics of several periodic base signals
which remain proprietary to the company. When first examined in the time domain, the signal resembled electronic noise; however,
when critically analyzed, the signal is not identical with noise. Rather, it is a highly complex waveform exhibiting a very
wide range of values for the time derivative of the magnetic field density (dB/dt) and a beat frequency in the Extremely Low-Frequency
range. In this paper, we speculate on the mechanism of action of this and similar signals. We consider it less likely that
cells, or cell components, act like filters to extract and couple with individual signals that make up the complex EMF signal.
Consequently, we favor the possibility that with the signal discussed here cells respond to the very complex signal and that
the biological response can be modified by the presence of a beat in the signal, in this case a low-frequency beat. More generally,
this would suggest the hypothesis that biological processes can be regulated by noise-like signals and that the effects of
a noisy signal can be modified by the presence of signal repetition patterns, such as beats. Given the very small energy that
signals like these can transduce into a biological system, biological effects can be expected only when the molecular processes
involved are poised so that the available energy leads to molecular reactions that achieve the activation state for the reaction. 相似文献
930.
Roads function as prime habitats and corridors for invasive plant species. Yet despite the diversity of road types, there
is little research on the influence of these types on the spread of invaders. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), a plant producing large amounts of allergenic pollen, was selected as a species model for examining the impact of road
type on the spread of invasive plants. We examined this relationship in an agricultural region of Quebec, Canada. We mapped
plant distribution along different road types, and constructed a model of species presence. Common ragweed was found in almost
all sampling sites located along regional (97%) and local paved (81%) roads. However, verges of unpaved local roads were rarely
(13%) colonized by the plant. A model (53% of variance explained), constructed with only four variables (paved regional roads,
paved local roads, recently mown road verges, forest cover), correctly predicted (success rate: 89%) the spatial distribution
of common ragweed. Results support the hypothesis that attributes associated with paved roads strongly favour the spread of
an opportunistic invasive plant species. Specifically, larger verges and greater disturbance associated with higher traffic
volume create propitious conditions for common ragweed. To date, emphasis has been placed on controlling the plant in agricultural
fields, even though roadsides are probably a much larger seed source. Strategies for controlling the weed along roads have
only focused on major highways, even though the considerable populations along local roads also contribute to the production
of pollen. Management prioritizations developed to control common ragweed are thus questionable. 相似文献