化学品测试合格实验室体系建设与发展

根据《新化学物质环境管理办法》要求,为新化学物质申报目的提供测试数据的境内测试机构,应当为环境保护部公告的化学物质测试机构,并接受环境保护部的监督和检查。拟通过借鉴国际合格实验室规范(GLP)基本原则和国内其他GLP认证工作经验做法,结合环境保护部已开展的检查考核工作和化学品测试实验室实际情况,探讨化学品测试合格实验室的管理现状和存在的问题,旨在为推动我国化学品测试合格实验室体系建设提供新的管理思路。     

Research of the Response of Ecosystem to LUCC in Miyun County, Beijing： Based on Ecosystem Services Valuation

Miyun County,located in the northeast of Chinese capital Beijing,was underwent remarkable variations in land use in recent years.This paper aimed to detect changes in land use of Miyun from 1997 to 2005,and to qualify the response of ecosystem to LUCC based on ecosystem services valuation.With two-periods TM images,we got land use change data,and then ecosystem services values were calculated using ecosystem services valuation coefficients proposed by Chinese scholar Xie Gaodi.Results showed that water area,farm land and unused land decreased while residential land,forest land,grassland and orchard land increased during the study period.The loss of ESV was RMB 206 million and the main reason was the decrease of water area and farm land area.As for spatial variation,there were most dramatically land use change and ESV decline in reservoir ecological protection region.The coefficient sensitivity analysis indicates that valuation coefficients used in the study are suitable and results are reasonable.The driving forces of ESV loss were rapid population growth and economic development.More work should be done to make eco-environment stay healthy.     

Environment and Personal Well-being in Urban China

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between environment and personal well-being using a sample of 562 urban employees from three cities in Liaoning province in the People’s Republic of China.In contrast to previous studies,this study controlled positive affectivity (PA),negative affectivity (NA),job satisfaction and Big Five personality traits.In addition,the research variables of personal well-being index (PWI),positive affectivity,negative affectivity,job satisfaction,Big Five,and environmental satisfaction are measured with multi-item scales.The research finds that environmental satisfaction is positively related to personal well-being,suggesting that improvement of the natural surroundings in the cities can improve people’s well-being.     

CGE Simulation for Levying Carbon Tax in China and International Experience of Levying Carbon Tax

Levying carbon tax is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and protecting the environment.The author firstly reviewed some relevant empirical studies on carbon tax both home and abroad,and then established the CGE model and simulated levying carbon tax in China.The study found that levying carbon tax would have little impact on China’s economy:in a short-term,China’s GDP might decrease by 0.51%,while in a long-term it might decrease by 0.08%;however,the carbon dioxide emissions would be substantially reduced.Meanwhile,levying carbon tax has some negative impact on the output of each industry in the very economic structure;of this,the mineral extractive industries would be influenced the most.Then the author summarized experience of levying carbon tax in foreign countries.     

工业企业厂界环境噪声监测中背景噪声监测及修正探讨

针对测量结果修正的相关要求,本文对新颁布的《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》（GB12348-2008）和旧标准《工业企业厂界噪声测量方法》（GB／T12349-1990）在实际工作中的运用进行了比对、分析和探讨,并根据实际工作经验,提出了在背景噪声难以测量的一些特殊情况下的几种解决途径,主要提出噪声源声值与背景声值相差小于3dB（A）时的解决方案。     

我国机动车污染防治2007年行业技术发展综述

本文综述了"十一五"以来我国机动车污染防治行业的主要技术开发应用情况,分析评价了行业技术的研究热点及主要工艺配套设备的开发应用水平;归纳了机动车污染防治技术的开发重点.     

三叶鬼针草生物量分配与化感作用对大气温度升高的响应

全球气候变暖已经成为不容置疑的事实,同时外来入侵植物对入侵地的生态环境造成严重的危害,外来入侵植物可能对温度升高做出积极地响应。文章研究了不同温度(22、26和30℃)处理对入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)种子萌发、幼苗生物量分配及化感作用的影响,探讨三叶鬼针草对全球气候变暖的响应策略。结果表明;温度为22和26℃比30℃有利于三叶鬼针草种子的萌发。温度升高显著增加三叶鬼针草的株高、生物量和叶面积,三叶鬼针草幼苗增加对茎和叶的生物量投资。同时相同浓度的三叶鬼针草水浸提液对马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn)的化感作用随着温度升高而增强。研究表明:温度升高促进了三叶鬼针草的生长,改变生物量分配模式同时增强了对受体植物的化感作用。温度升高可能是促进三叶鬼针草入侵的生态环境因子之一,未来全球气温变暖可能使其入侵加剧。     

中国环保事业的回顾与展望

1970年至现在的30年,中国的环境保护事业大致经历了三个阶段:1970年至1978年,是中国环境保护的萌芽和起步阶段;1979年至1991年,是中国环境保护的奠基和成长阶段;1992年至现在,是中国环境保护的发展和壮大阶段。本文对中国环保事业的发展历程进行了回顾和论述,在此基础上,展望了环境保护的前景,抒发了梦想与期待。     

经济体制转轨下的环境管理模式初探

党的十五大提出发展多种形式的公有制经济,在这种新形势下,环境管理如何转轨,本文进行了探讨和研究。