复合生物滤池处理H2S和NH3的挂膜与工艺条件

采用复合生物滤池(生物滴滤池 生物过滤池)处理H2S和NH3组成的混合恶臭气体,填料分别为经表面改性的天然斜发沸石和木屑.实验研究了该工艺的驯化挂膜情况和主要工艺条件,结果表明,天然斜发沸石和木屑改性后,驯化挂膜周期为10～14 d,比文献中颗粒活性炭挂膜缩短14～18 d.复合生物滤池的最佳工艺条件为:高度120 cm,循环液流量4.56 L/h.同时,生物滴滤池处理水溶性好的NH3气体效果较生物过滤池好,而生物过滤池处理水溶性差的H2S气体较生物滴滤池好.因此,复合生物滤池可用于处理不同水溶性的混合恶臭气体.     

基于GIS的宜宾城市土壤Pb含量空间分布特征及污

基于ArcGIS地统计模块,对长江上游城市宜宾市的63个土壤样品进行了分析,探讨了城市土壤中重金属Pb的空间分布特征和污染状况.结果表明,城市土壤样品中Pb含量为20.3-223.9 mg·kg-1,平均含量为61.2 mg·kg-1,显著高于四川省土壤背景值,具有明显的累积效应(p=0);与四川省土壤基线值相比,宜宾...     

太原市主要大气污染物分析与预测

太原市是一个以重工业为支柱产业的城市,大气环境污染一度相当严重,最近几年太原市不断加大对环境的整治力度,大气质量有所改善。本文从环境现状及其产生的原因进行分析,并根据目前太原市主要大气污染物采用平均增长率、回归分析法、灰色预测三种不同方法预测到2018年太原市的主要大气污染物变化。结果表明,太原市的大气质量将逐步好转。最后提出治理大气污染的建议与措施。     

生化处理在高盐度皂化废水中的应用

报道了活性的污泥法在处理环氧丙烷生产过程中产生的高盐度皂化废水的成功应用,为同类化工厂处理高盐度皂化废水提供了宝贵的经验。     

高炉瓦斯泥对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附

采用等离子体发射光谱、N2吸附和傅里叶红外光谱技术(FT-IR)对高炉瓦斯泥(BFS)进行了表征,测得其BET比表面积为21.13 m2/g、并且含有羟基、酯基等功能性官能团。实验考察了吸附剂用量、pH值、吸附温度、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度对高炉瓦斯泥吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的影响,结果表明,当Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度为100 mg/L时,温度为313 K、高炉瓦斯泥用量为1.5g/L、pH=5时,20 min可达到吸附平衡,吸附率为99.99%。并且吸附过程符合准二级动力学反应模型以及Freundlich吸附等温式,其表观活化能Ea=58.27 kJ/mol,该吸附过程是自发的、吸热的熵增过程。     

利用高炉瓦斯泥-H_2O_2处理硝基苯废水

以高炉瓦斯泥为铁源,通过其在酸性条件下与H2O2形成Fenton/类Fenton反应体系来处理硝基苯废水,考察了p H、H2O2用量、高炉瓦斯泥用量及反应时间对硝基苯降解率的影响,并对降解机理进行了分析表征。实验结果表明,在p H为3、高炉瓦斯泥用量为0.5 g/L、H2O2用量为10 m L/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,100 mg/L的硝基苯溶液中硝基苯的降解率达87.88%;硝基苯先被氧化生成硝基苯酚、硝基苯二酚、对苯醌等中间产物,然后再进一步氧化生成二氧化碳和水达到降解的目的。     

Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应动力学研究

采用脱色菌Citrobacter sp. CK3,以活性红KN-3B染料为处理对象,在厌氧批式反应条件下,系统考察了pH值,温度和染料浓度对脱色反应速度的影响;通过动力学模拟及反应过程中染料的UV-Vis扫描图分析,探讨了脱色反应机理。结果表明：Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应的适宜pH为7～9;脱色反应速度在温度为32℃时达到最大。染料初浓度从57 mg/L逐渐增大到458 mg/L时脱色率逐渐降低。脱色过程中染料的偶氮键发生断裂,脱色反应符合二级反应动力学。     

Different analysis techniques for fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy to assess compost maturity

Assessment of compost maturity is essential for achieving high quality compost. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with different analysis techniques was applied to improve the sensitivity of compost maturity assessment. Results showed that composts in two parallel piles could be believed mature after 37 d when combined with the evolution of temperature, chemical and biological indices in the two piles. Pearson correlation between the common maturity indices and fluorescence analysis parameters demonstrated that fluorescence regional integration (FRI) had a higher correlation coefficient than that of fluorescence intensities and the ratios of peaks, suggesting that FRI technique is more suitable to characterize the maturity of compost than the other two analysis techniques, i.e., peak intensity and peak ratio. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectroscopy combined with FRI analysis could be used as a valuable industrial and research tool for assessing compost maturity.     

Structure of chemical components in different compost extracts characterized by chromatogram and spectroscopy analysis and its influence on plant growth promotion

Pig manure rice straw compost was extracted using different extraction methods, and the composition of each extraction was identified by chromatogram and spectroscopy in order to investigate plant growth promoting factors. Compared with direct extraction, aerated and non-aerated fermentation extractions were better for nutrient accumulation, especially for high molecular weight substances. Cucumber yields of aerated fermentation extraction of compost (AFEC) treatment were 16.5 and 57.6?% higher than the direct extraction of compost (DEC) and non-aerated fermentation extraction of compost (NAFEC) treatments. Humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances were the main components in all extracts. Furthermore, AFEC showed the most humification and aromatization. Humic substances extracted from AFEC (H-AFEC) increased shoot dry weight by 2.8 and 7.4?%, compared to humic substances extracted from DEC (H-DEC) and humic substances extracted from NAFEC (H-NAFEC). In conclusion, AFEC was the best extraction method to get more humic substances to stimulate plant growth.     

Environmental mercury contamination of an artisanal zinc smelting area in Weining County, Guizhou, China

To investigate the extent of Hg contamination due to artisanal Zn smelting activities in Weining County, northwestern Guizhou, China, total Hg and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in soil and surface water were determined. Samples of corn plants growing in the study area were also collected for total Hg analysis. A high geometric mean Hg emission factor of 75gHgt(-1)Zn was estimated and significantly elevated total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were found in the atmosphere adjacent to the Zn smelting sites, ranging from 30 to 3814ngm(-3). Total Hg and MeHg concentrations in topsoil samples ranged from 62 to 355microgkg(-1) and from 0.20 to 1.1microgkg(-1), respectively. Total Hg Concentrations in corn plant tissues increased in the order of grains相似文献