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161.
活菌制剂进入动物消化道后由于经受胃酸、胆盐以及消化酶等的作用而造成活性丧失及肠道定殖困难是目前乳杆菌制剂应用的瓶颈问题.本研究通过喷雾冷凝法制备干酪乳杆菌微胶囊以增强乳杆菌在人体的益生功能.选用不同浓度的海藻酸钠溶液与氯化钙溶液作为壁材,考察喷雾冷凝法制备乳杆菌微胶囊的包埋率、胃肠道释放等情况.通过比较微胶囊的包埋率和粒径分布的效果后,选择海藻酸钠浓度为2%、氯化钙浓度为3%的芯壁材(包埋率最高达95.80%)制备干酪乳杆菌微胶囊.初始活菌数为109cfu/mL的乳酸菌微胶囊经模拟人体胃液处理3 h后,仅有24.17%的活菌溢出,证明微胶囊处理后的乳杆菌能够抵抗较低pH值及胃蛋白酶的作用.之后将微胶囊置入模拟人体肠液中,60 min后微胶囊释放率达到84.22%,表明上述方法制备的乳杆菌微胶囊能够在肠道中释放定殖并发挥其益生作用.进一步研究表明,添加变性淀粉作为益生元,能够增强乳酸菌微胶囊的耐酸性能,并且在肠液中释放后活菌出现继续增殖的现象.上述研究结果为选择高效保护剂应用喷雾冷凝法制备乳酸菌微胶囊奠定了研究基础. 相似文献
162.
163.
探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)暴露对哮喘小鼠Th1/Th2炎症反应的影响。选择36只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为6组:对照组、卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)单独致敏组、PFOS染毒组(0.1、1、5、10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) PFOS+OVA致敏),每组6只。染毒和诱发哮喘后第26天收集肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行有核细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞计数;用Luminex技术测定BALF中细胞因子白细胞介素-5(interleukin-5,IL-5)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)和γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平;肺组织切片染色观察其病理变化。随PFOS暴露浓度的增加,嗜酸粒细胞总数呈上升趋势(P0.05),IL-5/IFN-γ比值增加(P0.05);其中10 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1PFOS+OVA组BALF中的白细胞总数显著高于OVA单独组(P0.05),IL-4水平及IL-4/IFN-γ比值显著高于OVA单独组(P0.05),且与单独OVA组相比小鼠气道粘膜及粘膜下层厚度更厚,炎症细胞浸润更明显,PAS染色阳性的气道上皮细胞明显更高。PFOS能加重哮喘小鼠肺部的炎症反应并诱导Th2型细胞因子的表达。 相似文献
164.
NaCl胁迫对甜高粱发芽期生理生化特性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为筛选耐盐甜高粱材料,探讨NaCl胁迫对甜高粱发芽期生理生化特性的影响,研究了0、70、140、210 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫对吉甜3、BJK156、甜132、凯勒、威利、考利、吉甜2、戴尔等8个甜高粱材料发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量等8个指标盐害系数的影响,利用系统聚类分类法对甜高粱耐盐性进行聚类可分为3类:耐盐性最强的是甜132,耐盐性中等的是BJK156,耐盐性较敏感的是考利、吉甜3、吉甜2、戴尔、凯勒、威利。进一步研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱芽苗中丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果得出:随着盐胁迫的加重丙二醛含量逐渐增加,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐减少。NaCl胁迫不同程度地提高了8个甜高粱材料POD、CAT、SOD活性,受3种NaCl质量浓度胁迫后8个甜高粱材料POD、CAT、SOD活性的变化趋势不同,这可能是它们耐盐差异的生理原因之一。另外,在3种NaCl浓度胁迫后甜132中的丙二醛增加量在8个材料中都是最低的,这与系统聚类分析得出甜132耐盐性最强的结论相吻合。研究认为丙二醛含量的变化可以作为筛选发芽期耐盐甜高粱品种的一个指标。 相似文献
165.
166.
Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from
Jiulong River Estuary, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hao Wu Zhenhua Ding Yang Liu Jinling Liu Haiyu Yan Jiayong Pan Liuqiang Li Huina Lin Guanghui Lin Haoliang Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):14-21
Estuaries are important sites for mercury (Hg) methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) thought to be the main Hg
methylators. Distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong
River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their
controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined.
Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria (TB) in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The
content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were (350 150) ng/g, (0.47 0.11) ng/g, (1.4 1011 4.1 109) cfu/g dry weight (dw), and (5.0
106 2.7 106) cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and (240 24) ng/g, (0.30 0.15) ng/g, (1.9 1011 4.2 1010) cfu/g
dw, and (1.3 106 2.0 106) cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity
and total sulfur (TS) increased with depth, but total organic matter (TOM), SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of
MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation
with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove
sediments. 相似文献
167.
The nitritation performance of biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater under high dissolved oxygen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhaoming Zheng Zebing Li Jing Ma Jia Du Guanghui Chen Wei Bian Jun Li Baihang Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):267-274
The objective of this study was to investigate the nitritation performance in a biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater.The reactor was operated in continuous feed mode from phases 1 to 3.The dissolved oxygen(DO)was controlled at 3.5–7 mg/L throughout the experiment.The biofilm reactor showed excellent nitritation performance after the inoculation of nitrifying sludge,with the hydraulic retention time being reduced from 24 to 7 hr.Above 90%nitrite accumulation ratio(NAR)was maintained in phase 1.Afterwards,nitratation occurred with the low NH_4~+–N concentration in the reactor.The improvement of NH_4~+–N concentration to 20–35 mg/L had a limited effect on the recovery of nitritation.However,nitritation recovered rapidly when sequencing batch feed mode was adopted in phase 4,with the effluent NH_4~+-N concentration above 7 mg/L.The improvement of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)activity and the combined inhibition effect of free ammonia(FA)and free nitrous acid(FNA)on the nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)were two key factors for the rapid recovery of nitritation.Sludge activity was obtained in batch tests.The results of batch tests had a good relationship with the long term operation performance of the biofilm reactor. 相似文献
168.
169.
松花江水系江水中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸污染现状调查 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
为阐明松花江江水中全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)、全氟辛酸(Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)的污染现状,以及中国石油吉林石化双苯厂爆炸事件对松花江江水和哈尔滨市内饮用水中PFOS、PFOA浓度的影响,于2005-10-12至2005-10-16间采集嫩江吉林大安江段、第二松花江吉林扶余江段、第一松花江黑龙江肇源江段及哈尔滨江段江水样品共22份.在吉林石化爆炸事件后,于2005-11-24至2005-11-28间每日定时在固定地点采集松花江哈尔滨江段江水样品;于2005-11-23和2005-11-28分别采集哈尔滨市内饮用水样品.采用高效液相色谱/质谱联机法(HPLC/MS)检测样品中PFOS和PFOA.结果表明,松花江水体中普遍存在PFOS、PFOA污染.全部江水样品中PFOS和PFOA浓度范围分别为0.06~8.04ng·L-1和0.02~2.68 ng·L-1,几何平均值分别为1.214 ng·L-1和0.166 ng·L-1.松花江上游江段水中PFOS、PFOA浓度明显低于下游.流经哈尔滨市区时江水中PFOS和PFOA浓度逐渐升高.2005-11-26江水中PFOS浓度水平比2005-11-24江水浓度水平高5.8倍,而PFOA浓度未见变化.哈尔滨市内饮用水PFOS、PFOA平均浓度在2005-11-23停水前和2005-11-28恢复供水后未见差异.研究结果显示,松花江水体中普遍存在PFOS、PFOA污染;吉林石化公司爆炸事件后暂时性升高松花江江水中PFOS浓度,但未对哈尔滨市内饮用水中PFOS、PFOA的浓度产生影响. 相似文献
170.
Xinbin Feng Hongmei Jiang Guangle Qiu Guanghui Li 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(10):2594-2603
From October 2003 to September 2004, we conducted a detailed study on the mass balance of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) of Dongfeng (DF) and Wujiangdu (WJD) reservoirs, which were constructed in 1992 and 1979, respectively. Both reservoirs were net sinks for THg on an annual scale, absorbing 3319.5 g km−2 for DF Reservoir, and 489.2 g km−2 for WJD Reservoirs, respectively. However, both reservoirs were net sources of MeHg to the downstream ecosystems. DF Reservoir provided a source of 32.9 g MeHg km−2 yr−1, yielding 10.3% of the amount of MeHg that entered the reservoir, and WJD Reservoir provided 140.9 g MeHg km−2 yr−1, yielding 82.5% of MeHg inputs. Our results implied that water residence time is an important variable affecting Hg methylation rate in the reservoirs. Our study shows that building a series of reservoirs in line along a river changes the riverine system into a natural Hg methylation factory which markedly increases the %MeHg in the downstream reservoirs; in effect magnifying the MeHg buildup problem in reservoirs. 相似文献