超磁分离污泥与剩余污泥协同水解酸化

以超磁分离污泥作为研究对象,用2种不同的剩余污泥作为接种污泥,维持温度在30℃,探究了剩余污泥对超磁分离污泥厌氧水解酸化产物及产率的影响。结果表明:随着剩余污泥接种量的增加,混合污泥SCOD的析出量也逐渐增加;接种剩余污泥量的增加促进了混合污泥VFAs的生成;各种污泥产VFAs中,乙酸均具有明显优势,并会促进丙酸的累积;混合污泥较之于超磁分离和剩余污泥具有快速、高效的产酸优势,且随着剩余污泥接种量的增加,加快了水解酸化的速率并且加深了酸化的程度,但会延长其达到最大值的时间。污泥产酸发酵获得内碳源的同时,还存在着N元素的释放,且随着剩余污泥接种量的增加,这种伴随现象更明显。对比2种剩余污泥(W1、W2)发现,W1作为接种污泥时,并没有明显的P元素的释放;当W2作为接种污泥时,伴随着比较明显的P元素的释放。综合考虑剩余污泥对于超磁分离污泥水解酸化效果的影响发现,当剩余污泥接种量W1为12.2%,W2为13.6%时,既可以为系统提供更多的SCOD,又可以避免过高的氮负荷。     

固定化优势菌种处理NH3和H2S恶臭气体

用海藻酸钠作包埋剂固定优势菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、白曲霉菌、葡萄球菌)处理NH3和H2S。考察了气体流量、NH3和H2S气体浓度、循环液喷淋量对NH3和H2S去除效果的影响。固定化生物滴滤反应器最佳运行条件为:气体流量1.0m3/h、循环液喷淋量8.88L/h、进气H2S质量浓度低于51.85mg/m3、进气NH3质量浓度低于57.21mg/m3。处理NH3和H2S的最大容积负荷分别为634.1g/(m3·d)和699.6g/(m3·d)。处理后出气中的NH3和H2S的质量浓度分别达到GB14554—93《恶臭污染物排放标准》中的一级排放标准和二级排放标准。     

建设绿色重庆构建和谐社会

"十一五"是我国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期,也是环境保护工作极具挑战的时期.我们将以党的十六届五中全会精神为指针,以建设"绿色重庆"为目标,以"预防为主、综合治理,不欠新账、多还旧账,创新机制、强化监管,突出重点、分类指导,典型示范、带动全面"为基本原则,发展循环经济,解决突出问题,改善环境质量,建立工作机制,努力构建环境友好型社会.     

TiO2光催化氧化处理偶氮染料废水的研究进展

二氧化钛具有较高的光稳定性和反应活性,可用于处理偶氮染料废水,对二氧化二钛光催化氧化的影响因素、提高二氧化钛光能化氰化处理偶氮染料废水效率的途径和比催化氧化联用处理技术进行了综述,提出今后研究重点是扩展二氧化钛对可见光的光谱响应、提高太阳光的利用率以及加强气-质联用、液-质联用技术在处理偶氮染料废水中的应用。     

Human hair mercury levels in the Wanshan mercury mining area,Guizhou Province,China

The total mercury (T-Hg) and methyl mercury (Me-Hg) concentrations in the hair were measured to evaluate mercury (Hg) exposure for the residents in Da-shui-xi Village (DSX) and Xia-chang-xi Village (XCX) in the Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. The mean concentrations in the hair of DSX residents were 5.5 ± 2.7 μg/g and 1.9 ± 0.9 μg/g for T-Hg and Me-Hg, respectively. The concentrations in the hair of XCX residents were 3.3 ± 1.4 μg/g and 1.2 ± 0.5 μg/g for T-Hg and Me-Hg, respectively. Hair Me-Hg concentrations were significantly correlated to T-Hg (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) in the two sites; on average, hair Me-Hg concentration accounted for 40 and 44% of T-Hg for DSX and XCX residents, respectively. Age has no obvious correlation with hair Hg and the hair Hg levels showed a significant gender difference, with higher T-Hg and Me-Hg concentrations in the hair from males than females. The rice collected from the two sites showed high levels of T-Hg and Me-Hg concentration. The results indicated a certain Hg exposure for the residents in DSX and XCX in the Wanshan Hg mining area.     

NP型复合纳滤膜对豆腐废水处理的应用

本文对ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜的分离性能进行了初步实验并在此基础上采用纳滤膜平板过滤装置对豆腐加工过程中产生的废水进行处理,以降低废水中的ＣＯＤ含量,实验结果表明,ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜对０．２％ＭｇＳＯ４溶液的截留率（Ｒ）高于９０％,相应秀量约为２０Ｌｍ＾－２．ｈ＾－１（０．４ＭＰａ）,豆腐废水ＣＯＤ的去除率大于９０％     

Adsorptive removal of naphthalene induced by structurally different Gemini surfactants in a soil-water system

A new generation of surfactant, Gemini surfactants, have been synthesized and have attracted the attention of various industrial and academic research groups. This study focused on the use of symmetric and dissymmetric quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants to immobilize naphthalene onto soil particles, and is used as an example of an innovative application to remove HOC in situ using the surfactant-enhanced sorption zone. The sorption capacity of modified soils by Gemini surfactant and natural soils was compared and the naphthalene sorption efficiency, in the absence and presence of Gemini surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths, was investigated in the soil-water system. The results have shown that the increased added Gemini surfactant formed admicelles at the interface of soil/water having superior capability to retard contaminant. Symmetric and dissymmetric Gemini surfactants have opposite effect on the aspect of removing of PAH attributing to their solubilization and sorption behavior in soil-water system. Compared with the natural soil, sorption of naphthalene by Gemini-modified soil is noticeably enhanced following the order of C_12-2-16 < C_12-2-12 < C_12-2-8. However, the symmetric Gemini surfactant C_12-2-12 is the optimized one for in situ barrier remediation, which is not only has relative high retention ability but also low dosage.     

交通活动对公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属含量的影响

为了解公路交通带来的重金属污染及其在公路两侧土壤中的分布规律,对相关研究结果的分析表明,含铅汽油、润滑油的燃烧,汽车轮胎、刹车里村的机械磨损等是公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属污染的重要来源.机动车辆排放的含重金属颗粒物或直接沉积在路面灰尘中,或通过干湿沉降沉积在公路两侧的土壤中,使得公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属出现不同程度的积累.一般地,公路两侧土壤中重金属含量随着距公路距离的增加呈指数形式下降.公路两侧土壤中重金属的含量及其分布格局因受交通流量、车辆类型、地形与路况、绿化带配置和风、降雨等气象条件的影响而异.     

铁基纳米材料对苯甲酸降解菌Sporotomaculum syntrophicum 与产甲烷菌 Methanospirillum hungatei的厌氧互营体系降解苯甲酸的影响

为探究铁基纳米材料在苯甲酸厌氧互营代谢过程中的作用,以厚壁菌门的厌氧互营苯甲酸降解菌Sporotomaculum syntrophicum与产甲烷菌Methanospirillum hungatei的共培养体系为研究对象,考察投加铁基纳米颗粒四氧化三铁(Fe3O4NPs)和三氧化二铁(Fe2O3 NPs)对苯甲酸厌氧降解转化甲烷的影响.结果表明:10～500mg·L-1的Fe3O4纳米颗粒对苯甲酸降解速率及产甲烷量没有显著影响;而高浓度的Fe3O4纳米颗粒对苯甲酸降解及产甲烷速率产生了明显的抑制作用,当添加Fe3O4纳米颗粒的质量浓度为600、800、1 000 mg.L-1时,第15天的产甲烷量分别减少了24.29％、44.13％和61.54％.低浓度和高浓度的Fe2O3纳米颗粒对苯甲酸的降解及甲烷的产生均无影响.质量浓度为10～1000mg·L-1的Fe3O4NPs和Fe2O3NPs均不能促进SS.syntrophicum与M.hungatei共培养体系的种间电子传递过程.本研究结果可为导电材料强化厌氧纯菌降解苯甲酸,以及利用导电材料强化苯甲酸废水及木质纤维素类固体废弃物的处理提供参考.