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Bioaerosols from wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. In the present study,airborne microorganisms generated from a wastewater treatment station(WWTS) that uses an oxidation ditch process were diminished by ventilation.Conventional sampling and detection methods combined with cloning/sequencing techniques were applied to determine the groups,concentrations,size distributions,and species diversity of airborne microorganisms before and after ventilation. There were 3021 ± 537 CFU/m3 of airborne bacteria and 926 ± 132 CFU/m3 of airborne fungi present in the WWTS bioaerosol.Results showed that the ventilation reduced airborne microorganisms significantly compared to the air in the WWTS. Over 60% of airborne bacteria and airborne fungi could be reduced after4 hr of air exchange. The highest removal(92.1% for airborne bacteria and 89.1% for fungi) was achieved for 0.65–1.1 μm sized particles. The bioaerosol particles over 4.7 μm were also reduced effectively. Large particles tended to be lost by gravitational settling and small particles were generally carried away,which led to the relatively easy reduction of bioaerosol particles0.65–1.1 μm and over 4.7 μm in size. An obvious variation occurred in the structure of the bacterial communities when ventilation was applied to control the airborne microorganisms in enclosed spaces. 相似文献
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Xiuying Zhao Xinming Wang Xiang Ding Quanfu He Zhou Zhang Tengyu Liu Xiaoxin Fu Bo Gao Yunpeng Wang Yanli Zhang Xuejiao Deng Dui Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):110-121
Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary. 相似文献
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节能环保产业作为战略性新兴产业的七大重点领域之一,新形势下发展具备有利条件,特别是十二五以来我国环保产业得到了飞速发展,但是由于体制机制、技术、市场等多方面原因环保产业发展也面临诸多挑战和障碍。日本与韩国,环保产业已进入技术成熟期。逐渐成为本国国民经济的支柱产业和世界环保市场的主力,借鉴日韩环保产业的发展经验,提出中国推动环保产业发展的对策建议。 相似文献
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通过介绍光学气体成像技术的原理、泄漏检测与维修关键技术、甲烷气体泄漏检测与识别实验情况,讨论了该技术在石化生产过程中的应用发展趋势。 相似文献
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中国典型城市环境空气质量变化趋势分析研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章选取北京市、兰州市、乌鲁木齐市、青岛市、武汉市、深圳市这六个典型城市为研究对象,利用2003年-2013年六个城市的SO2、NO2和PM10浓度数据,计算出区域空气综合污染指数和污染负荷指数,并采用Daniel趋势检验法分析主要污染物的变化趋势.结果表明,六个典型城市环境空气质量状况从优至差排列依次为深圳、青岛、武汉、北京、兰州、乌鲁木齐;六个典型城市空气首要污染物为PM10,SO2的污染负荷呈下降趋势,NO2的污染负荷呈上升趋势;各城市的空气质量整体呈现好转趋势,表明大气治理初见成效. 相似文献
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南京雾霾天气原因分析及应对措施研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来雾霾天气开始成为一种重要的城市气象灾害,城市雾霾的形成有多方面的原因,对雾霾的治理也有多方面的举措。2013年12月江苏地区出现的雾霾事件是现阶段人们关注的焦点。本文通过对南京此次雾霾事件的回顾,从雾霾溯源、南京的应对及评述两个方面入手。对人们关注的这一热议话题进行探讨,总结出应对雾霾的一些经验和有力举措,以提供应对城市雾霾事件的参考。 相似文献
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通过正交实验研究了用盐酸、硫酸、褐铁矿和硅酸钠制备聚硅氯化硫酸铁(PSFCS)絮凝剂的工艺条件。实验结果表明,浸取时间为2.5~3 h,浸取温度为110℃,硫酸浓度为6 mol/L,盐酸浓度为3 mol/L,质量液固比为4∶1,铁的浸出率可达95.7%~96.3%。溶液中加入少量聚乙烯醇作稳定剂,亚硝酸钠作氧化催化剂。PSFCS的合成条件:Fe/Si摩尔比为2,硅酸活化pH值为2,硅酸活化时间是30~40 min,陈化时间是2~2.5 h。与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)比较了处理印染废水的效果,表明PSFCS具有良好的絮凝性能,COD和浊度的去除率分别可达81.4%和96.1%。 相似文献