电镀锌泥饼的酸浸条件对锌浸出率的影响

研究了含锌泥饼的浸出条件。试验结果表明，适宜的酸浸条件：浸取液终点pH值为5左右；液固化（3：1）－（4：1）；分段加酸时间为2h；搅拌速度为100－200r/min，在上述条件下用硫酸溶液进行常温浸取，锌浸出率可达98％，铁浸出率小于1％。     

无机微滤膜过滤阻力的研究

本文采用孔径为 0 .8μm、0 .2 μm和 5 0nm的无机微滤膜 ,考察了不同情况下膜的过滤阻力分布情况。对于造纸黑液 ,当浓度较低时 ,过滤阻力由膜阻力、吸附阻力、堵孔阻力和浓差极化阻力共同控制 ;当浓度较高时 ,吸附阻力起主要作用。过滤 1g/L聚乙二醇溶液的试验结果表明 ,不同孔径膜的过滤阻力构成是不同的 ,孔径越小则吸附阻力越小 ,但浓差极化阻力会显著增加     

抚仙湖流域主要生态安全问题识别

对抚仙湖的水质污染、水环境安全、生物多样性环境安全、湖泊湿地与环境安全、水资源4方面进行了安全问题识别,在此基础上开展抚仙湖生态资源环境安全问题识别,包括农业耕作土污染的环境安全问题、土壤侵蚀（水土流失）环境安全问题。结果表明：抚仙湖的生态安全面临一定的威胁,必须采取有效措施,切实解决生态环境问题,维护湖泊生态安全。     

Atmospheric HULIS and its ability to mediate the reactive oxygen species (ROS): A review

Atmospheric humic-like substances(HULIS) are not only an unresolved mixture of macroorganic compounds but also powerful chelating agents in atmospheric particulate matters(PMs); impacting on both the properties of aerosol particles and health effects by generating reactive oxygen species(ROS). Currently, the interests of HULIS are intensively shifting to the investigations of HULIS-metal synergic effects and kinetics modeling studies, as well as the development of HULIS quantification, findings of possible HULIS sources and generation of ROS from HULIS. In light of HULIS studies, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of isolation and physicochemical characterization of HULIS from atmospheric samples as well as HULIS properties(hygroscopic, surface activity, and colloidal) and possible sources of HULIS.This review mainly highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) from PMs, HULIS and transition metals, especially iron. This review also summarized the mechanism of ironorganic complexation and recent findings of OH formation from HULIS-metal complexes. This review will be helpful to carry out the modeling studies that concern with HULIS-transition metals and for further studies in the generation of ROS from HULIS-metal complexes.     

六氯苯的O3及UV/O3高级氧化降解试验研究

采用O3、UV/O3高级氧化法对水中六氯苯(HCB)的降解效果及机理进行了研究,并对结果进行了比较,结果表明,UV本身对HCB的去除率贡献不大,HCB可被O3、UV/O3快速降解,即UV＜O3＜UV/O3;O3、UV/O3作用时,提高体系的初始pH值不利于HCB的降解,在pH=3,HCB=0.2 mg/L,反应40 min时,HCB的去除可达50%左右,酸性条件下有利于降解反应的进行;无论是O3单独作用还是UV/O3联合作用,HCB的降解基本上满足准一级反应动力学规律,如果体系的pH值基本保持恒定,这种规律就更为明显.根据离子色谱(IC)、GC对六氯苯降解中间产物进行了测定,探讨了O3、UV/O3降解六氯苯的途径和机理.     

装甲车辆环境适应性论证与试验决策支持系统的初步构想

从装甲车辆环境适应性论证与试验决策需求出发,讨论了决策支持系统组成架构,提出了决策支持系统的基本功能,分析比较了决策支持系统与传统的信息处理系统之间的差异,在明确决策支持系统的基本特征的基础上,粗线条勾画了决策支持系统的基本方案。     

Recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards by supercritical water pre-treatment combined with acid leaching process

Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain a large number of metals such as Cu, Sn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Mn. In this work, an efficient and environmentally friendly process for metals recovery from waste PCBs by supercritical water (SCW) pre-treatment combined with acid leaching was developed. In the proposed process, waste PCBs were pre-treated by SCW, then the separated solid phase product with concentrated metals was subjected to an acid leaching process for metals recovery. The effect of SCW pre-treatment on the recovery of different metals from waste PCBs was investigated. Two methods of SCW pre-treatment were studied: supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water depolymerization (SCWD). Experimental results indicated that SCWO and SCWD pre-treatment had significant effect on the recovery of different metals. SCWO pre-treatment was highly efficient for enhancing the recovery of Cu and Pb, and the recovery efficiency increased significantly with increasing pre-treatment temperature. The recovery efficiency of Cu and Pb for SCWO pre-treatment at 420 °C was 99.8% and 80%, respectively, whereas most of the Sn and Cr were immobilized in the residue. The recovery of all studied metals was enhanced by SCWD pre-treatment and increased along with pre-treatment temperature. Up to 90% of Sn, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Mn could be recovered for SCWD pre-treatment at 440 °C.     

起伏管道积水运动特征实验研究*

为研究油流携水过程中的积水运动特性,明确排除积水临界条件。以0#柴油、自来水为实验介质,利用内径（D）为50,80 mm,上倾倾角（β）为1°,5°,10°的水平-上倾实验环道,对表观油速（Uos）为0.25 m/s、无量纲水相高度（h/D）在0.5范围内,油流剪切作用下的管道积水运动特征进行实验。研究结果表明:积水流型随表观油速、无量纲水相高度、上倾倾角的增大由光滑分层流逐渐向波状分层流、液滴分层流过渡,其中表观油速影响最为显著;积水爬坡距离随表观油速增加而显著增加,随上倾倾角增大而减小,随无量纲水相高度减小而减小;实验说明弗劳德相似准则能较为准确地预测起伏管道中积水携带临界表观油速;由弗劳德相似准则预测可知,内径为489 mm管道积水排除的临界表观油速约为1.60 m/s,研究结果对减少管道内腐蚀有一定指导意义。     

混菌接种条件下微生物燃料电池芯片的产电特性研究

微生物燃料电池(MFC)芯片因具有体积小、运行条件温和、产电稳定等优点而有可能成为一种新型的野外水环境监测系统中传感器供能方式.但目前采用纯菌种及贵重金属阳极构建的MFC芯片,不仅成本较高且纯菌种在复杂环境条件下不易存活和保持稳定.因此,本文通过采用混合菌群接种,以活性炭为阳极,构建了阳极体积为50μL的MFC芯片,发现其稳定运行最大输出电流为3.5μA,平均运行周期为8.0 h,最大输出功率约为160 nW,最大功率密度为10.2 mW·m-2.EIS分析结果表明,MFC芯片的总内阻约为35.6 kΩ,其中,阴阳极内阻占主要部分.本研究制备的MFC芯片产电性能达到了同类采用纯菌株及Au作阳极的MFC芯片的性能,表明采用低成本材料为阳极,接种混合菌液的MFC芯片是完全可行的.