HSE管理体系绩效评估方法研究

通过分析HSE管理体系关键要素,结合模糊数学综合评判的理论和量化评估的思想,建立模糊数学量化评估模型。引入定量化的手段,反映企业实施HSE管理体系的绩效情况并判断其优劣。该评估方法可对HSE管理体系的运行状态进行客观全面的评价,为企业的管理工作指明方向。     

基于API方法的城市大气污染评价

收集了2006年《重点城市空气质量日报》中中国86个重点城市空气质量主要分析指标——空气污染指数（API）、首要污染物、空气质量级别,并对数据进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）总体来说,中国城市大气质量良好;（2）城市大气污染以煤烟型污染为主,大气中以TSP、SO2和NOx作为首要污染物出现的频率依次递减;（3）城市大气污染最严重的季节是冬季,最轻的季节是夏季;（4）城市大气环境质量表现出从北到南、从沿海至内陆逐步变差的趋势。     

Efficient low-temperature soot combustion by bimetallic Ag–Cu/SBA-15 catalysts

In this study, the effects of copper(Cu) additive on the catalytic performance of Ag/SBA-15 in complete soot combustion were investigated. The soot combustion performance of bimetallic Ag–Cu/SBA-15 catalysts was higher than that of monometallic Ag and Cu catalysts. The optimum catalytic performance was acquired with the 5 Ag_1-Cu_(0.1)/SBA-15 catalyst, on which the soot combustion starts at T_(ig)= 225°C with a T_(50)= 285°C. The temperature for 50% of soot combustion was lower than that of conventional Ag-based catalysts to more than 50°C(Aneggi et al., 2009). Physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts indicated that addition of Cu into Ag could form smaller bimetallic Ag–Cu nanolloy particles, downsizing the mean particle size from 3.7 nm in monometallic catalyst to 2.6 nm in bimetallic Ag–Cu catalyst. Further experiments revealed that Ag and Cu species elicited synergistic effects, subsequently increasing the content of surface active oxygen species. As a result, the structure modifications of Ag by the addition of Cu strongly intensified the catalytic performance.     

Removal of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds with sodium hypochlorite and surfactant in a co-current rotating packed bed

A co-current flow rotating packed bed was applied to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) by sodium hypochlorite(Na Cl O) and surfactant(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS) from air stream. Xylene was used as a model VOC herein. The effect of p H,concentration of Na Cl O and SDBS solution, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate and rotational speed on xylene removal efficiency and overall mass transfer coefficient(KGa) were discussed. Then, a correlation for KGa of the co-current rotating packed bed was proposed by fitting the experimental data of KGa and independent variables of liquid/gas ratio,rotational speed, p H, Na Cl O concentration and treatment time, which was in good agreement with the experimental data(the deviation ≤± 30%).     

土壤作物系统镉污染及其防治研究

选择我国北方主要粮食作物冬小麦和夏谷进行盆栽试验，研究了土壤镉污染对作物生长发育和产量的影响及泥炭、羊粪两种不同类型的有机肥缓减土壤镉污染危害的作用；分析了镉在两种作物不同器官中的迁移效率和累积规律；认为施加有机肥是缓减土壤镉污染危害的有效措施，且施羊粪的效果比施泥炭好。     

北方人工湿地系统对内分泌干扰物质的去除效果

通过现场取样,固相萃取柱富集以及气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MSD)测定,研究了北京市官厅水库上游的一个人工湿地系统在秋季(植物茂盛)和冬季(植物枯萎)对典型环境内分泌干扰物和人工合成激素的处理效果.结果表明,人工湿地系统的原水和各工艺段出水中酚类和雌激素类物质的浓度高于美国地表水监测数据和我国地表水监测数据.湿地系统对部分壬基酚有较好的处理效果,而在冬季效果不明显;无论秋季或冬季对雌激素类则无明显去除效果.     

芳香族醛酮化合物溶解度和分配系数的测定与估算

本文测定了１５种芳香族醛酮化合物的溶解度和正辛醇－水分配系数,研究了水溶解度及分配系数与分子连接性能指数的相关性。结果表明,溶解度和分配系数之间以及与分子连接性指数呈较好的线性关系。     

光子相关光谱（PCS）在无机高分子絮凝剂形态表征中的应用

本文运用现代先进的微粒检测手段光子相关光谱对常见的两类无机高分子絮凝剂的形态进行了表征。实验结果表明：在所测聚合氯化铁溶液中，体系呈较为单一的集中分布，由平移扩散系数计算得到平均有效直径在５－１１ｎｍ左右。在所测聚合氯化铝溶液中，主要为双峰分布，熟化后样品约为２－５ｎｍ的小颗粒与数十ｎｍ以上分布较宽的聚集体，另外，本文对光子相关光谱在形态表征中的优缺点及其它应用的可能性也作了一定的论述。     

Field studies on 32P movement and P leaching from flooded paddy soils in the region of Taihu Lake, China

Field experiments were done in two sites, Yixing and Changshu, Jiangsu province, China, to study P movement and leaching in flooded paddy soils. P movement in soil was investigated by using the KH2 32PO4 tracker method, and the amount of P leached from the soil layer in different depths was estimated by measuring P concentrations in the soil solution and saturated hydraulic conductivities in field. Determination was done about one month after P application. There was 46% and 42% of total 32P retained in the 0-5cm layer of soil in the Yixing site and in the Changshu site respectively. The 32P retained in the 25-30 cm layer was only about 1-2% of the total 32P added. Furthermore, 8.01% of 32P in the soil of Yixing site and 16.8% of 32P in the soil of Changshu site was lost from the layer 0-30 cm soil. The seasonal amounts of P leached from the top soil layer and from bottom layer are about 4.5-5.8% and 1.6-2.1% of the total P application, respectively. Changes of total P concentrations in soil solutions during rice growth showed that the fertilizer P applied before flooding of the paddy fields suffered a flash leaching loss and a slow leaching loss. We concluded that the fertilizer P could quickly move in the flooded paddy rice field and parts of it can enter into surface water and ground water. Unless the P application is well managed the risk of P loss and consequently environmental pollution exist.     

The gas-photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene without water

The photocatalytic degradation of gaseous trichloroethylene (TCE) without water has been studied. The degradation products were determined to be CO₂, HCl and Cl₂, and the reaction stoichiometry, was described as

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. The degradation rate was found to be linear with 0.16 power of the illumination intensity. When the TCE concentration was low (10¹⁴ mol L⁻¹ or a little more), its degradation rate model could be considered as first order kinetics. A mechanism of valence band hole oxidation was proposed.