中低温厌氧处理城市污水污泥颗粒化的研究

用高径比为3∶1的UASB反应器分别在35℃和室温条件下处理模拟城市污水,研究了污泥的颗粒化过程。比较了在不同温度、浓度下形成的颗粒污泥的特征。水温为9~25℃,进水浓度为100~200 mg COD/L,水力上流速度(Vup)在0.013~0.11 m/h的4#UASB反应器在60 d内在形成了成熟的颗粒污泥。研究表明,进水中低的有机物浓度,低的Ca2+、Mg2+浓度和低的Vup没有抑制颗粒化进程。     

空肠弯曲菌的快速检测方法研究与应用

为提高空肠弯曲菌的检测效率和检出率，应用免疫磁珠技术自行制备弯曲菌免疫磁珠，用以直接捕获受检样品中的空肠弯曲菌，不需要增菌培养；设计了检测空肠弯曲菌鞭毛蛋白A（flaA）基因的引物与荧光标记探针，首次建立了空肠弯曲菌的磁捕获-荧光聚合酶链式反应快速检测及鉴定方法．应用于实物检测的结果表明，该方法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、简便等特点，可在24h内完成检测，提高了环境样品及食品中空肠弯曲菌的检出率．图4表1参9     

SBR单级好氧法在低pH值条件下对氮的去除

以模拟城市生活污水为研究对象,比较了SBR单级好氧法在不同pH值条件下(pH=8.0±0.2和pH=6.5±0.2)对氮转化途径的影响.结果表明.运行方式为瞬时进水→曝气(4h)→沉淀间歇(4h)→瞬时出水,2个反应器NH;-N进水浓度为25～40 mg·L-1条件下,NH 4-N转化率均在80%以上.pH为8.0±0.2的反应器内发生了传统的硝化作用,部分NH 4-N通过同时硝化反硝化作用去除;pH为6.5±0.2的反应器内反应过程中NO-2-N的生成速率近乎为零,NO-3-N的浓度在曝气结束时达到最高值,也仅为1.6 mg·L-1,反应过程中NO-2-N、NO-3-N的浓度没有明显积累;而反应器内废水中总氮(TIN)的去除量为25.75 mg·L-1,泥中氮的增长量约为22.2 mg·L-1.略低于废水中氮的去除量,表明废水中的氮大部分转化到了污泥中.这与传统的脱氮理论有所区别.研究推断.在低pH条件下NH 4-N的去除主要是通过微生物超量吸收氮源后通过排除富氮污泥来实现的.     

Performance of rotating drum biofilter for volatile organic compound removal at high organic loading rates

Uneven distribution of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and biomass, and excess biomass accumulation in some biofilters hinder the application of biofiltration technology. An innovative multilayer rotating drum biofilter （RDB） was developed to correct these problems. The RDB was operated at an empty bed contact time （EBCT） of 30 s and a rotational rate of 1.0 r/min. Diethyl ether was chosen as the model VOC. Performance of the RDB was evaluated at organic loading rates of 32,1, 64.2, 128, and 256 g ether/（m^3·h） （16.06 g ether/（m^3·h） ≈ 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m^3·d））. The EBCT and organic loading rates were recorded on the basis of the medium volume. Results show that the ether removal efficiency decreased with an increased VOC loading rate. Ether removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved without biomass control even at a high VOC loading rate of 128 g ether/（m^3·h）. However, when the VOC loading rate was increased to 256 g ether/（m^3·h）, the average removal efficiency dropped to 43%. Nutrient limitation possibly contributed to the drop in ether removal efficiency. High biomass accumulation rate was also observed in the medium at the two higher ether loading rates, and removal of the excess biomass in the media was necessary to maintain stable performance. This work showed that the RDB is effective in the removal of diethyl ether from waste gas streams even at high organic loading rates. The results might help establish criteria for designing and operating RDBs.     

水环境非突发性风险浅析

对水环境中事实上存在但尚未引起人们足够重视的一类风险，非突发性风险，作了简要的概述。主要讨论了关于非突发性风险的发生、特征、影响因素及研究目的，并为考虑非突发性风险的水质规划提供了一个新的科学依据。     

Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater.     

区域大气环境质量变化趋势研究

本文研究了城市及其开发区域大气环境质量变化趋势的计算方法，并对一城市开发区进行了实例研究，应用本文的方法可以对城市及其开发区进行多点源和的影响下大气环境质量模拟。预测，评价与规划。     

岳阳南湖水质变化趋势与保护措施研究

应用湖泊完全混合模型和狄龙模型，预测了岳阳经济技术开发区和南湖旅游度假区建成后对有水质的影响，结果表明南湖水质污染将会加剧。根据南湖污染源的情况，文中提出了相应的水质保护措施。     

改性活性炭对硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水脱杂过程的影响因素

为解决东北某湿法腈纶生产厂中回收NaSCN(硫氰酸钠)效果欠佳的现状,采用不同改性方法制备了10%-H-GAC(氧化改性活性炭)、1M-Na-GAC(还原改性活性炭)和600-N₂-GAC(高温改性活性炭),并探讨了改性方法、吸附时间、投加量以及初始pH对NaSCN膜分离浓水脱杂过程的影响. 结果表明:10%-H-GAC较其他改性活性炭对浓水中NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC和盐度的去除率要好. 以10%-H-GAC为吸附剂,吸附时间为180 min,投加量为12.0 g/L,初始pH为6.0时,NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC和盐度去除率分别可达35.1%、32.3%、34.9%、25.4%,表明该处理技术能很好地去除硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水中的污染物. 采用Fruendlich吸附等温模型对10%-H-GAC的吸附行为进行拟合,得到的NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC及盐度拟合方程的相关系数均在0.92以上. 准二级动力学方程能更好地描述废水中杂质在活性炭上的吸附行为,反映吸附过程. 研究显示,10%-H-GAC能有效去除硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水中的杂质,达到回收硫氰酸钠的目的.      

MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料同步吸附亚甲基蓝和Cu~(2+)

采用化学沉积法合成了MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析(SEM-EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Zeta电位仪、FTIR等方法对其进行了表征。研究了MgO/SiO_2对亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cu~(2+)的吸附行为及同步吸附效果。表征结果表明:MgO/SiO_2为褶皱、凸起的球形形貌;MgO成功负载在SiO_2表面。实验结果表明:MgO/SiO_2对MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,MB和Cu~(2+)的饱和吸附量分别为83.72 mg/g和208.70 mg/g;MB和Cu~(2+)的同步吸附在MgO/SiO_2表面存在竞争关系;在溶液体积为30m L、MgO/SiO_2加入量为10 mg、MB质量浓度为10 mg/L或Cu~(2+)质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、吸附时间为24 h、初始溶液pH为4.00、解吸时间为4 h的条件下,MgO/SiO_2第1次吸附MB和Cu~(2+)的去除率分别为92.8%和90.1%,第5次吸附的去除率分别为59.6%和57.4%。