基于动态聚类分析和盲数理论的综合营养状态指数评价模型

考虑到常用水质富营养化评价模型的单一、确定性缺点,尝试将动态聚类分析与盲数耦合理论引入水环境富营养化评价领域,建立了改进的综合营养状态指数评价模型,最后借助克里格插值法对评价结果的可信度进行空间可视化表征。利用改进模型对2009年洞庭湖区域的水环境空间的富营养化状况进行了评价,结果表明,东洞庭湖、扁山、鹿角富营养化程度相对严重,隶属于富营养化的可信度分别达到了0.5444、0.5318和0.5260。与确定性评价模型对比分析表明,所建改进模型更充分地考虑到被观察个体的差异,集成了更全面的样本信息,并可同时计算出了各采样点综合营养状态指数的区间数与其相对应的可信度水平,从而有效地提高了评价模型的可分辨性。     

Removal of malachite green dye from wastewater by different organic acid-modified natural adsorbent: kinetics,equilibriums, mechanisms,practical application,and disposal of dye-loaded adsorbent

Natural adsorbent (Cinnamomum camphora sawdust) modified by organic acid (oxalic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid) was investigated as a potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous malachite green (MG) dye in aqueous media in a batch process. The extent of MG adsorption onto modified sawdust increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, pH, contact time, and temperature but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and ionic strength. Kinetic study indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could best describe the adsorption kinetics of MG. Equilibrium data were found to fit well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the three kinds of organic acid-modified sawdust was 280.3, 222.8, and 157.5 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption of MG was an endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism, the application of adsorbents in practical wastewater, the prediction of single-stage batch adsorption system, and the disposal of depleted adsorbents were also discussed.     

Study on biodegradation process of lignin by FTIR and DSC

The biodegradation process of lignin by Penicillium simplicissimum was studied to reveal the lignin biodegradation mechanisms. The biodegradation products of lignin were detected using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectrophotometer, different scanning calorimeter (DSC), and stereoscopic microscope. The analysis of FTIR spectrum showed the cleavage of various ether linkages (1,365 and 1,110 cm^?1), oxidation, and demethylation (2,847 cm^?1) by comparing the different peak values in the corresponding curve of each sample. Moreover, the differences (T_m and ΔH_m values) between the DSC curves indirectly verified the FTIR analysis of biodegradation process. In addition, the effects of adding hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to lignin biodegradation process were analyzed, which indicated that H₂O₂ could accelerate the secretion of the MnP and LiP and improve the enzymes activity. What is more, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase catalyzed the lignin degradation effectively only when H₂O₂ was presented.     

污泥厌氧消化的人工神经网络模型

基于污泥固体停留时间(SRT)为20 d的污泥中温厌氧消化实验,建立一个3层BP神经网络,以前1～20 d的进泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)、当天消化罐pH值和碱度共22个参数为输入,预测污泥消化系统日产气量,结果表明,网络具有良好的学习能力、泛化能力和辨识能力,能够较为准确地预测出系统日产气量.此外,根据进泥VSS不同,利用网络预测能力,调节pH值和碱度到合适的值,系统日产气量有明显提高,进一步证明了网络具有良好的预测能力和实用性.     

基于时序蒙特卡罗方法的某铬盐场污染地下水泄漏风险

突发性污染地下水泄漏对周围水环境的影响具有重要研究意义。借鉴时序蒙特卡罗(SMC)方法来模拟污染源运行状态,并结合相应的河流水质模型,对污染地下水泄漏后造成的河流水质超标风险概率进行研究;利用健康风险评价模型,对污染物泄漏时水环境造成的人体健康风险进行评价。以某铬盐场为例验证该方法的稳定性和实用性。结果表明,该场地受污染的地下水对人体健康产生的危害程度为中级,其超标风险概率随模拟时间的增加而趋于稳定。     

真菌胞外聚合物及其与重金属作用机制研究进展

真菌胞外聚合物(EPS)是近年来真菌微生物研究的热点,其在食品行业、医药工业和环境重金属污染治理中起着非常重要的作用.综述了国内外关于真菌EPS提取方法、产量影响因素、组成和结构的研究进展;介绍了真菌EPS在环境中与重金属作用机制的研究进展,主要包括胞外吸附和络合机制、草酸盐微沉淀机制和胞外重金属还原机制.在此基础上,展望了真菌EPS在环境重金属污染治理特别是重金属废水处理上的应用前景和亟待解决的研究内容,以便更好地为国内真菌EPS和重金属污染治理等方面的研究提供参考.     

Ce-Fe/ACF催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO的研究

以ACF作为载体制备了一系列不同质量分数的CeO2和Fe2O3混合负载型催化剂,研究了它们催化净化NO的低温活性和活性的稳定性。同时,对比研究了CeO2/ACF和Ce-Fe/ACF净化NO的能力。活性实验结果表明,催化剂中加入Fe2O3作为助催化,能使催化剂活性、稳定性等得到明显改善。反应温度为80~120℃时,比相同质量分数CeO2/ACF催化剂的NO脱除效率提高幅度最大达到18.11%,增幅度较大;随着反应温度的升高,催化剂的脱硝效率提高幅度趋小,反应温度为200℃时,两者相比,NO脱除效率仅提高1.98%;而后随着温度的攀升,催化剂的脱硝效率提高幅度又慢慢趋大,且其效率平稳。     

CuO-CeO_2/AC吸附燃煤烟气中元素汞的实验研究

通过活性炭负载CuO和CeO2来制备吸附剂,采用固定床吸附方式,在不同反应条件下对吸附剂的吸附性能进行测试,筛选出去除效率最好的吸附剂,并通过BET和XRD对吸附剂的理化性质进行分析。结果表明,CuO和CeO2的加入大大改变了原活性炭的比表面积和孔结构,改善了活性炭的吸附性能。CuO-CeO2/AC中CuO和CeO2质量比不同,对汞的去除效率也不同,在1∶2时去除效率最好;CuO-CeO2/AC中所负载的CuO和CeO的总量为5%时,能大大促进汞的吸附效率,增长有效吸附时间;CuO-CeO2/AC对汞的吸附性能随反应温度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,在80℃时达到最大值。