复式钢管混凝土柱装配式连接锚固性能试验研究∗

预制混凝土构件通常采用先拼接后灌浆的连接方式,一旦灌浆不密实,将存在严重安全隐患。为了解决装配式复式钢管混凝土结构的连接问题,探索更方便可靠的连接方式,将先灌浆后插筋的连接方式运用到装配式复式钢管混凝土柱的连接中,系统研究了该连接方式下装配式复式钢管混凝土柱中的钢筋锚固性能和锚固长度。并通过设计制作 36 个复式钢管混凝土柱的灌浆插筋锚固试件,采用拉拔试验方法研究了钢筋直径、位置、锚固长度、预制孔形式及直径、灌浆料强度、混凝土强度 7 个影响因素对浆锚钢筋在复式钢管混凝土柱中的锚固性能影响。研究结果表明：（1）试件的典型破坏形式包括钢筋未屈服拔出、钢筋受拉屈服拔出、钢筋拉断三种形式,主要发生钢筋屈服后试件破坏,锚固性能良好;（2）浆锚钢筋在灌浆料中的受力过程主要分为四个阶段：弹性阶段、屈服阶段、强化阶段和破坏阶段;（3）预制孔直径、混凝土强度、灌浆料强度越大,锚固钢筋锚固性能越好;（4）角部浆锚钢筋的极限承载力和极限黏结应力均比中部浆锚钢筋大;（5）复合钢管混凝土柱装配式连接的锚固长度建议根据《混凝土结构设计规范》进行计算确定,且预制孔直径不小于 2 d,且不宜小于 32 mm。     

Spatial health risk assessment and hierarchical risk management for mercury in soils from a typical contaminated site,China

Due to rapid urbanization and the implementation of ecological civilization construction in China, many industrial factories have been closed or relocated. Therefore, numbers of contaminated sites were generated with contaminated soils which may pose a risk to receptors living nearby. This study presented a spatial health risk assessment and hierarchical risk management policy making for mercury (Hg) in soils from a typical contaminated site in the Hunan Province, central China. Compared with the second class value (0.3 mg/kg) of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, the mean concentrations of Hg in the three soil depths exceeded the second class value. The non-carcinogenic risk of Hg probably posed adverse health effects in 41, 30 and 36 % of the surface soil, the moderate soil and subsoil, respectively, under a sensitive land scenario. The non-carcinogenic risk temporarily posed no adverse health effects in most areas under an insensitive land scenario except for the area around sampling site S29. Spatially, the central, southwest and northeast parts of the contaminated land under a sensitive land scenario should be regarded as the priority regions. For non-carcinogenic effects, the exposure pathways that resulted in the higher levels of exposure risk were ingestion and inhalation of vapors, followed by dermal contact and inhalation of particles. A risk-based integrated risk management policy including the hierarchical risk control values for different soil depths and the calculated remediation earthwork was proposed with consideration of the cost-benefit effect for the related decision-makers.     

厌氧反应器的发展及ABSBR的工艺特点

新型高效厌氧反应器的发展使生活污水的厌氧处理成为可能.介绍了ABSBR(恒水位操作厌氧生物膜序批式反应器,Anaerobic Biofilm Sequencing Batch Reactor)的工艺特点,并对其处理生活污水进行了初步研究.试验结果表明,ABSBR工艺是活性污泥法与生物膜法的结合,具有强的生物固体截留能力...     

Enhancement of ultrasonic disintegration of sewage sludge by aeration

Sonication is an effective way for sludge disintegration,which can significantly improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion to reduce and recycle use of sludge.But high energy consumption limits the wide application of sonication.In order to improve ultrasonic sludge disintegration efficiency and reduce energy consumption,aeration was introduced.Results showed that sludge disintegration efficiency was improved significantly by combining aeration with ultrasound.The aeration flow rate,gas bubble size,ultrasonic density and aeration timing had impacts on sludge disintegration efficiency.Aeration that used in later stage of ultrasonic irradiation with low aeration flow rate,small gas bubbles significantly improved ultrasonic disintegration sludge efficiency.At the optimal conditions of 0.4 W/m L ultrasonic irradiation density,30 m L/min of aeration flow rate,5 min of aeration in later stage and small gas bubbles,ultrasonic sludge disintegration efficiency was increased by 45% and one third of ultrasonic energy was saved.This approach will greatly benefit the application of ultrasonic sludge disintegration and strongly promote the treatment and recycle of wastewater sludge.     

Spectroscopic studies of dye-surfactant interactions with the co-existence of heavy metal ions for foam fractionation

The interaction between a cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) and an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with the presence of Cd²⁺ was investigated spectrophotometrically in a certain concentration range. The spectrophotometric measurements of dye-metal ion-surfactant system were carried out. The results indicated that the SDS concentration had a significant influence on the dye spectrum, while the addition of Cd²⁺ hardly caused change of the maximum value of absorbance. According to this observation, we concluded that electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between dye and surfactant occurred up to a certain level, and the homo-ions Cd²⁺ almost exerted no effect on the dye-surfactant complexation, establishing a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of organic dye and heavy metal using foam fractionation. Meanwhile, the effects of their interaction on foam performance were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Cd²⁺ favored the tendency to ameliorate foam properties just contrary to MB. The feasibility of foam separation for dye and heavy metal removal from simulated wastewater was also confirmed using a continuous foam fractionator. In the simultaneous removal process, with the initial SDS concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mmol/L, the maximum removal efficiencies of MB and Cd²⁺ were obtained as 99.69% and 99.61%, respectively. The enrichment ratios were reduced from 24.34 to 7.65 for MB and from 22.01 to 3.35 for Cd²⁺.     

城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用技术进展

针对目前污水厂污泥传统处理方法存在的不足与弊端 ,提出污泥资源化利用技术是今后污泥最终处置的根本方式 ,并就目前研究的污泥热解制油技术、制取燃料技术、堆肥土地利用技术和热解制取吸附剂技术等主要的资源化利用技术进行了综述。     

超声波处理难降解有机物影响参数研究

考察了多种操作参数对多氯联苯、溴苯超声波降解的影响。结果表明,高频率、高声强、高流速、混合气体可以提高超声反应速率, 358kHz下降解速率比20kHz提高了848%, 34mL/min流速下比4 4mL/min提高了140%,参入Ar比单纯使用O2 提高83% ( +80%Ar)或66% ( +50%Ar)。然而高声强也造成了较多的能量消耗。自由基清除剂的存在则较大地降低了超声反应速率, 200mmol/LCO2- 存在时反应速率下降了79%。     

好氧颗粒污泥的性质及其在脱氮除磷中的应用

阐述了好氧颗粒污泥的污泥特性、培养条件和影响因素 ,比较了三种SBR反应器中颗粒污泥特性的差异 ,介绍了好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理及其在脱氮除磷过程中的应用情况     

医疗垃圾高压蒸汽消毒器设计

医疗垃圾是一种具有急性生物危害性的危险废物。医疗垃圾高压蒸汽消毒法是一种以饱和蒸汽或过热蒸汽为工质的二次污染物少、简便有效、投资省、运行费用低的处理方法。本文以湖南省长沙市为例 ,选 13 2℃ ,2 0 0kPa的过热蒸汽为工质 ,设计了一种用于医疗垃圾集中处理的高压蒸汽消毒器 ,并对其运行过程作了详细分析