区域数字地震台网实时速报系统在大别山地震实验场的试验与应用

以区域数字地震台网实时速报系统在大别山地震监测预报实验场和六安市地震台的应用为研究对象,对其系统部署、系统运行的稳定性、系统自动处理的地震三要素的准确性等相关情况进行分析处理,总结发现该系统应用中的优势和不足,提出切实可行的改进措施,完善该系统的应用功能,从而进一步提高该系统为大别山地区地震快速应急响应决策的参考价值.同时也可为其它地区台站建立完善本地区地震台网实时速报系统提供一定的参考.     

Influences of anion concentration and valence on dispersion and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions

Dispersion and aggregation of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions are important factors for safe application of nanoparticles. In this study, dispersion and aggregation of nano-TiO₂ in aqueous solutions containing various anions were investigated. The influences of anion concentration and valence on the aggregation size, zeta potential and aggregation kinetics were individually investigated. Results showed that the zeta potential decreased from 19.8 to − 41.4 mV when PO₄^3 − concentration was increased from 0 to 50 mg/L, while the corresponding average size of nano-TiO₂ particles decreased from 613.2 to 540.3 nm. Both SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻ enhanced aggregation of nano-TiO₂ in solution. As SO₄^2 − concentration was increased from 0 to 500 mg/L, the zeta potential decreased from 19.8 to 1.4 mV, and aggregate sizes increased from 613.2 to 961.3 nm. The trend for NO₃⁻ fluctuation was similar to that for SO₄^2 − although the range of variation for NO₃⁻ was relatively narrow. SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻ accelerated the aggregation rapidly, while PO₄^3 − did so slowly. These findings facilitate the understanding of aggregation and dispersion mechanisms of nano-TiO₂ in aqueous solutions in the presence of anions of interest.     

Biodegradation of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol in saline wastewater by newly isolated Penicillium sp. yz11-22N2

In this study,the performance of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol(DCMX) degradation by a screened strain was investigated.18 S r DNA and the neighbor-joining method were used for identification of the isolated strain.The results of phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron micrographs showed that the most probable identity of the screened strain should be Penicillium sp.Growth characteristics of Penicillium sp.and degradation processes of DCMX were examined.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the inoculated DCMX solution was recorded,which supported the capacity of DCMX degradation by the screened Penicillium sp.Under different salinity conditions,the highest growth rate and removal efficiency for DCMX were obtained at p H 6.0.The removal efficiency decreased from 100%to 66% when the DCMX concentration increased from 5 to 60 mg/L,respectively.Using a Box–Behnken design,the maximum DCMX removal efficiency was determined to be 98.4%.With acclimation to salinity,higher removal efficiency could be achieved.The results demonstrate that the screened Penicillium sp.has the capability for degradation of DCMX.     

臭氧预氧化-堆肥去除污染土壤中菲实验研究

分别将菲的丙酮溶液喷洒入未被污染的表层红壤和次表层红壤制成含菲的模拟土样,通过监测堆体温度、有机物含量、菲的残留率和种子发芽指数试验研究了臭氧预氧化-堆肥法去除污染土壤中菲的可行性.结果表明,臭氧预氧化-堆肥是一种有效去除土壤中菲污染的方法,污染土壤经处理后减弱了菲污染对植物的毒害作用,且加入的有机物经堆制腐熟后促进了植物的萌发.臭氧预氧化能够加快后续堆肥处理的启动过程并可使堆料中菲的残留率进一步降低,而土壤中有机质含量显著影响臭氧氧化的效率.臭氧处理100min时,有机质含量分别为7.73%和3.64%的表层土壤和次表层土壤中菲的去除率分别达到52.1%和76.4%.堆肥31d,经臭氧预氧化的表层土壤和次表层土壤菲的残留率分别为1.1%和0.9%,而未经臭氧预氧化样品的菲的残留率分别为15.0%和14.5%.各堆制样品种子发芽指数均可达到130%以上.     

硫粉投加量与污泥含固率之比对生物淋滤过程的影响

通过接种污泥硫细菌混合菌液,研究了S粉投加量与污泥含固率之比(SA/TS)对城市污泥中重金属生物淋滤效果的影响.结果表明,增大SA/TS值能显著缩短淋滤时间,提高淋滤效果.当SA/TS为2.5,经过8 d生物淋滤,Cu和Zn的淋滤效果可达到最佳,溶出率分别为66.2%和63.9%.淋滤进行16 d后,Pb的溶出率为30.8%.对于Cu,不论淋滤前后有机态都是较强的结合态.Zn的溶出主要是由于结合能力强的铁锰氧化态在淋滤过程中被大量浸出.Pb经过16 d的淋滤,铁锰氧化态所占比例有所下降而有机态比例上升.加大SA/TS有利于提高S粉的利用率,对N的保存影响不大,但增加了P的流失.     

农村环境质量影响因素量化分析模型研究

通过对山阴县40个村庄的实际调查,分析影响农村环境质量的主要影响因素,建立多元回归模型,得出了农村居民人均纯收入、国家环保事业的资金投入、中国农村家庭的主要能源结构为主要影响因素,并通过实例验证该模型的可行性。     

铜绿假单胞菌对白腐菌产木质纤维素降解酶的影响

采用固态发酵的方法,考察了两株不同型号的铜绿假单胞菌（AB93066和ATCC9027）对白腐菌（黄孢原毛平革菌）产木质纤维素降解酶（木素过氧化物酶LiP、锰过氧化物酶MnP和羧甲基纤维素酶CMCase）的影响,并对酶提取液的pH值、表面张力及稻草降解残渣中挥发性有机质含量的变化进行了分析.结果表明,添加5.72%的A...     

Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton oxidation to improve sewage sludge dewaterability

A novel joint method of bioleaching with Fenton oxidation was applied to condition sewage sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture of sludge cake (MSC) were adopted to evaluate the improvement of sludge dewaterability. After 2-day bioleaching, the sludge pH dropped to about 2.5 which satisfied the acidic condition for Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the SRF declined from 6.45 × 10¹⁰ to 2.07 × 10¹⁰ s²/g, and MSC decreased from 91.42% to 87.66%. The bioleached sludge was further conditioned with Fenton oxidation. From an economical point of view, the optimal dosages of H₂O₂ and Fe^2 + were 0.12 and 0.036 mol/L, respectively, and the optimal reaction time was 60 min. Under optimal conditions, SRF, volatile solids reduction, and MSC were 3.43 × 10⁸ s²/g, 36.93%, and 79.58%, respectively. The stability and settleability of sewage sludge were both improved significantly. Besides, the results indicated that bioleaching-Fenton oxidation was more efficient in dewatering the sewage sludge than traditional Fenton oxidation. The sludge conditioning mechanisms by bioleaching-Fenton oxidation might mainly include the flocculation effects and the releases of extracellular polymeric substances–bound water and intercellular water.     

Effects of different sludge disintegration methods on sludge moisture distribution and dewatering performance

A key step in sludge treatment is sludge dewatering. However, activated sludge is generally very difficult to be dewatered. Sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. Sludge disintegration can destroy the sludge structure and cell wall, so as change the sludge floc structure and moisture distribution, thus affecting the dewatering performance of sludge. In this article, the disintegration methods were ultrasound treatment, K2 Fe O4oxidation and KMn O4 oxidation. The degree of disintegration(DDCOD), sludge moisture distribution and the final water content of sludge cake after centrifuging were measured. Results showed that three disintegration methods were all effective, and K2 Fe O4oxidation was more efficient than KMn O4 oxidation. The content of free water increased obviously with K2 Fe O4and KMn O4 oxidations, while it decreased with ultrasound treatment. The changes of free water and interstitial water were in the opposite trend. The content of bounding water decreased with K2 Fe O4oxidation, and increased slightly with KMn O4 oxidation, while it increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. The water content of sludge cake after centrifuging decreased with K2 Fe O4oxidation, and did not changed with KMn O4 oxidation, but increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. In summary, ultrasound treatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, while K2 Fe O4and KMn O4 oxidation improved the sludge dewaterability.     

Interaction between Cu and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu^2 + and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu^2 + uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu^2 +. The uptake of Cu^2 + by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu^2 +, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 +. The presence of Cu^2 + exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu^2 + caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu^2 + complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu^2 + in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 + may be contributing to this straining effect.