区域数字地震台网实时速报系统在大别山地震实验场的试验与应用

以区域数字地震台网实时速报系统在大别山地震监测预报实验场和六安市地震台的应用为研究对象,对其系统部署、系统运行的稳定性、系统自动处理的地震三要素的准确性等相关情况进行分析处理,总结发现该系统应用中的优势和不足,提出切实可行的改进措施,完善该系统的应用功能,从而进一步提高该系统为大别山地区地震快速应急响应决策的参考价值.同时也可为其它地区台站建立完善本地区地震台网实时速报系统提供一定的参考.     

Enhancement of ultrasonic disintegration of sewage sludge by aeration

Sonication is an effective way for sludge disintegration,which can significantly improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion to reduce and recycle use of sludge.But high energy consumption limits the wide application of sonication.In order to improve ultrasonic sludge disintegration efficiency and reduce energy consumption,aeration was introduced.Results showed that sludge disintegration efficiency was improved significantly by combining aeration with ultrasound.The aeration flow rate,gas bubble size,ultrasonic density and aeration timing had impacts on sludge disintegration efficiency.Aeration that used in later stage of ultrasonic irradiation with low aeration flow rate,small gas bubbles significantly improved ultrasonic disintegration sludge efficiency.At the optimal conditions of 0.4 W/m L ultrasonic irradiation density,30 m L/min of aeration flow rate,5 min of aeration in later stage and small gas bubbles,ultrasonic sludge disintegration efficiency was increased by 45% and one third of ultrasonic energy was saved.This approach will greatly benefit the application of ultrasonic sludge disintegration and strongly promote the treatment and recycle of wastewater sludge.     

硫粉投加量与污泥含固率之比对生物淋滤过程的影响

通过接种污泥硫细菌混合菌液,研究了S粉投加量与污泥含固率之比(SA/TS)对城市污泥中重金属生物淋滤效果的影响.结果表明,增大SA/TS值能显著缩短淋滤时间,提高淋滤效果.当SA/TS为2.5,经过8 d生物淋滤,Cu和Zn的淋滤效果可达到最佳,溶出率分别为66.2%和63.9%.淋滤进行16 d后,Pb的溶出率为30.8%.对于Cu,不论淋滤前后有机态都是较强的结合态.Zn的溶出主要是由于结合能力强的铁锰氧化态在淋滤过程中被大量浸出.Pb经过16 d的淋滤,铁锰氧化态所占比例有所下降而有机态比例上升.加大SA/TS有利于提高S粉的利用率,对N的保存影响不大,但增加了P的流失.     

豆渣对水中Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附

研究了新型生物吸附剂豆渣对水中Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附机制和吸附能力;分析了吸附时间、溶液pH、豆渣质量浓度和重金属离子质量浓度对重金属离子去除效果的影响。豆渣对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。在Cd^2＋溶液和Zn^2＋溶液的pH分别为6．0和7．0、质量浓度为50mg／L、豆渣质量浓度为10．0g／L的条件下,吸附12h,Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的去除率分别为96．O％和89．4％。通过Langmuir吸附等温线模拟,得出豆渣对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的最大吸附量分别为19．61mg／g和11．11mg／g。     

湘江枢纽工程对水生生物的影响及防治研究

探讨了内河航运枢纽工程对河流水生生物的种类，数量，繁殖的影响，以及水质变化对水生生物的影响，提出了相应的防治措施，以湘江大源渡航运枢纽工程拟建成河道不源渡水库为例，对鱼类的影响分析为重点，为工程的决策提供了依据。     

Mn/Fe-Mn改性HZSM-5在NH3-SCR中的催化性能

采用离子交换法制备了不同Mn含量及不同Fe/Mn物质的量比的HZSM-5改性分子筛,并以NH3为还原剂,在体积空速为12000 h-1条件下,考察了上述催化剂选择性催化还原NO性能.同时,运用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、比表面积(BET)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,改性催化剂中活性组分在载体表面呈高度分散形式,催化活性较高,复合改性较单独改性性能更为优越,适量Fe的加入提高了催化剂催化活性和稳定性;(0.25)Fe-Mn/HZSM-5(Fe/Mn物质的量比为0.25)的NO转化率于300℃时最高达到98%,在300～500℃范围内NO转化率均保持在90%以上.实验还研究了不同焙烧温度下制备的(0.25)Fe-Mn/HZSM-5对NO转化率的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂的活性影响较大,550℃为最佳焙烧温度.     

Modeling variations of medium porosity in rotating drum biofilter

Rotating drum biofilters (RDBs) mounted with reticulated polyurethane sponge media has showed high removal efficiencies over a long period of time when used for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal. Due to the accumulation of biomass within the sponge medium, the porosity of a filter bed usually changes dynamically, which makes it difficult to predict and to control. In this paper, the porosity of a multi-layer RDB bed was investigated by a diffusion-reaction model in which biofilm growth and decay were taken into account at the pore scale of the sponge medium. Temporal and spatial changes of porosity were studied under various organic loadings and gas empty bed contact times (EBCTs). The porosity of the biofilter bed was assumed to be a function of biofilm thickness, and all the pores were assumed to be uniform. Toluene was selected as the model VOC. The model was solved using numerical methods through the MATLAB software. Results show that the porosity decreased with increased time of operation, increased toluene loading, or decreased gas EBCT value. The porosity in the outermost medium layer was less than that in the inner medium layers. Toluene removal efficiencies and porosities calculated from this model correlated with the experimental data well. Porosity variation was proposed to be an indicator for prediction of biofilter performance in biofilters as a consequence.     

湖泊富营养化模型的研究进展

湖泊的富营养化是全球普遍关注的环境问题之一.湖泊的富营养化模型是防治、修复和治理湖泊富营养化的重要决策工具.按研究的侧重点不同,将湖泊富营养化模型分为简单回归模型、水质模型、生态模型和生态-水动力水质模型,并分别回顾了四类模型的研究进展.最后指出湖泊富营养化模型的发展趋势,强调不确定理论、3S技术、耦合模型是今后湖泊富营养化模型研究的重点,应在此基础上建立通用的模拟、预测、评价和优化模型,为湖泊富营养化管理提供科学依据.     

城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用技术进展

针对目前污水厂污泥传统处理方法存在的不足与弊端 ,提出污泥资源化利用技术是今后污泥最终处置的根本方式 ,并就目前研究的污泥热解制油技术、制取燃料技术、堆肥土地利用技术和热解制取吸附剂技术等主要的资源化利用技术进行了综述。     

放牧干扰对祁连山高寒金露梅灌丛草甸群落的影响

以祁连山北支冷龙岭东段南麓的甘柴滩夏季牧场集体长期混合(藏系绵羊、牦牛)放牧的高寒金露梅Potentilla froticosa灌丛草场为对象,利用空间分布代替时间演替的方法,采用方格网法取样分析调查,对不同放牧压力梯度下金露梅灌丛群落的结构、组成、物种多样性、地上生物量进行研究,结果表明:①放牧居住点由远到近,放牧压力梯度不断增加,金露梅株高、密度、覆盖度、地上生物量和丛间草地的地上生物量均有不同程度的降低,地上的总生物量降低幅度达84.77%.金露梅株高与放牧压力梯度遵循对数方程;而金露梅密度、覆盖度、丛间草本地上生物量与放牧压力梯度呈幂函数关系.②随着放牧压力梯度断增加,金露梅灌丛下层群落的物种组成及其结构有显著变化.禾本科、莎草科和杂类草植物的地上生物量均有不同程度的下降,而杂类草的地上生物量占地上草本植物总生物量的比例由56.0%上升到79.69%;莎草科生物量占地上草本植物总生物量的比例略有所上升;禾本科的地上生物量占草本植物地上总生物量的比例南31.2%下降到9.6%.