Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM_2.5 of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO₄ particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified.We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM_2.5 as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM_2.5 concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

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低低温电除尘器灰硫比计算及中国煤种分析

低低温电除尘技术是电除尘新技术,不仅可以提高电除尘器的除尘效率,改善电除尘器对煤种的适应性,还可除去烟气中大部分的SO3,已经成为日本燃煤电厂烟气治理的主流。烟气的灰硫比(D/S)是低低温电除尘器选型设计中的一个重要参数,是电除尘器是否会受到低温腐蚀的评判标准。对烟气灰硫比的定义,计算公式的推导,中国几种代表性煤种的灰硫比,以及灰硫比与腐蚀和提效幅度的关系作了深入的分析。为我国低低温电除尘器的研究和应用推广提供参考。     

中间覆盖层对厌氧生物反应器填埋场中有机物降解的作用

建立了3组模拟厌氧生物反应器填埋场——R1、R2和R3,其中R1反应器无中间覆盖层,R2和R3反应器分别以矿化垃圾+重质碳酸钙、矿化垃圾+天然沸石为中间覆盖层,以研究不同中间覆盖层对厌氧生物反应器填埋场中有机物降解的作用. 结果表明:以矿化垃圾+重质碳酸钙、矿化垃圾+天然沸石为中间覆盖层时,均能维持反应器中良好的内环境,可促进垃圾和渗滤液中有机物的降解. R1、R2和R3反应器中垃圾的w(VS)(VS为挥发性固体))分别比初始值下降了69.81%、75.06%、73.86%,w(BDM)(BDM为生物可降解组分)分别下降了66.87%、82.86%、75.38%,w(纤维素)分别下降了67.96%、75.41%、72.90%;R1、R2和R3反应器中垃圾渗滤液的ρ(COD_Cr)比最大值分别降低了25.45%、29.72%、23.01%,ρ(BOD₅)分别降低了39.28%、45.66%、46.74%. 表明矿化垃圾+重质碳酸钙为中间覆盖层时,既能接种可降解有机物的微生物,又能提供微生物生长所需的碱度,因此更具优势.      

Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.     

BS EN ISO 20345：2011《个体防护装备安全鞋》标准的解析和建议

本文通过对最新的BS EN ISO 20345：2011《个体防护装备安全鞋》标准的列表介绍和概括性分析,找出了新标准检测项目仍存在的遗留问题和未考虑到的缺陷以及需要界定的术语,并提出了今后标准的再修订意见。此再修订意见的给出,为推动今后与安全鞋标准BS EN ISO 20345：2011属于同一体系的我国GB 21148-2007《个体防护装备安全鞋》标准修订提供参考意见。     

聚氨酯-水泥带压注水封孔测压技术研究

基于传统上向钻孔测压技术的分析,提出一种新型上向孔测压技术—聚氨酯—水泥带压注水封孔测压技术。该技术利用气体渗透性大于液体的弱点,变传统封堵漏气通道为封堵液体泄漏通道,降低封堵漏气难易程度,提高测压成功率;同时利用水作为动力介质和辅助封孔材料,实现主动测压和钻孔带压注浆,隔绝钻孔瓦斯与外界环境的直接接触,提高系统本身测压的可靠性。通过理论分析及与常用测压技术对比表明,该技术用于煤层瓦斯压力测定是完全可行的。     

塔机安全监控与评估系统开发及应用

目前中国由于建设项目繁多,在役塔机数量急剧上升,若不加强监管和提升控制手段,安全事故隐患会随着塔机数量的增加剧增。本文对塔机安全事故发生的主要原因进行了分析,介绍了塔机安全监控和评估系统的技术现状,对一种新研发的塔机安全监控与评估系统做了简要阐述。同时通过对试点工程的应用,指出了本塔机安全监控和评估系统的优势,为塔机的安全作业监控提供了一个新的技术方法和手段。     

电梯接地保护与检验

良好的接地保护是维护电梯正常运行的重要措施,同时为检修作业人员的安全提供强有力的保障,因此是电梯检验中一个重要的项目。文章先对接地保护的概念进行澄清,接着介绍低压系统的几种接地型式,通过比较得出适用于电梯的接地系统,最后结合检规的要求介绍了有关的检验方法并指出日常检验中接地线存在的问题。     

桂林中小河流洪涝气象风险预警系统设计

基于自动站、数值预报和雷达估测降水等多种雨量资料,利用ArcGIS技术提取河流的经纬度、流域范围,利用泰森多边形技术计算流域面雨量,结合对桂林中小河流域的历史暴雨洪涝风险个例分析结果,确定临界面雨量,建立桂林中小河流域洪涝灾害风险等级预警系统。利用数学内插技术进行雨量精细化插值,实现全市100多个水库、200多条河流关键点的雨量监测、预报、预警。利用Web和GIS技术实现桂林中小河流洪涝预警网页发布。     

Distribution and sources of phthalate esters in the topsoils of Beijing,China

Phthalate esters in the topsoil samples collected from Beijing were determined by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP), dibutyl (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were found in the topsoils. The total concentrations of the five phthalate esters varied from 2.30 to 24.71 μg g^?1. According to phthalate esters (PAEs) control standards in soil of the USA, the standard exceeding rates of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 100 %, 100 %, and 4.84 % in soils of Beijing, respectively. The rate of DBP exceeding soil remediation standard was 12.9 %. Overall, concentrations of PAEs in Beijing were at a high level in China. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DIBP were high, and the total concentrations of all the phthalate esters were higher in the areas with intensive human activities than in the other areas, which may be related to the use of phthalate compounds (such as the use of plastic products). The total and individual concentrations of phthalate compounds were relatively low in the areas that used plastic films compared with other samples due to the diffusion of atmospheric motion, categories, and amounts of plastic products and other factors. The greatest contributor may be the usage amount of plastic products in people’s daily lives.