Catalytic ozonation treatment of papermaking wastewater by Ag-doped NiFe2O4: Performance and mechanism

The catalytic ozonation treatment of secondary biochemical effluent for papermaking wastewater by Ag-doped nickel ferrite was investigated. Ag-doped catalysts prepared by sol-gel method were characterized, illustrating that Ag entirely entered the crystalline of NiFe₂O₄ and changed the surface properties. The addition of catalyst enhanced the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix suggested that aromatic compounds were efficiently degraded and toxic substances, such as dibutyl phthalate. In addition, the radical scavenging experiments confirmed the hydroxyl radicals acted as the main reactive oxygen species and the surface properties of catalysts played an important role in the reaction. Overall, this work validated potential applications of Ag-doped NiFe₂O₄ catalyzed ozonation process of biologically recalcitrant wastewater.     

Characterization of VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in the Pearl River Delta of China

Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most emission species, accounting for 61.8%-83.2% of OVOCs. For construction machinery, the fuel-based emission factors of roller, grader and pile driver were 3.12, 3.12 and 7.36 g/kg, respectively. With the rigorous restraint by the national emission standards, VOC emissions of construction machinery had decreased considerably, especially during stage Ⅲ. Ozone formation potential was also significantly reduced due to the significant decrease in emissions of OVOCs and alkenes with higher reactivity. For river ships, the fuel-based emission factors of cargo ships and speedboat were 1.46 and 0.44 g/kg, respectively. VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in Guangdong Province in 2017 were 8851.0 and 4361.0 ton, respectively. This study filled the knowledge gaps of reactive gas emissions from different kinds of non-road mobile sources over the PRD, and more importantly, highlighted the necessity in adding OVOC measurement to give a complete and accurate depiction of reactive gas emissions from non-road mobile sources.     

补齐医疗废物和危险废物收集处理短板的思考和建议

为推动落实中共中央政治局会议提出的“加快补齐医疗废物、危险废物收集处理设施方面短板”有关指示精神,推进危险废物环境管理领域治理体系和治理能力现代化,结合全国医疗废物、危险废物环境管理情况以及新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间医疗废物应急处置情况,通过数据分析和政策文件系统梳理,识别出医疗废物、危险废物收集处置短板,并提出相应的对策建议.结果表明,目前仍存在医疗废物收集处置和管理有待加强、医疗废物应急处置能力薄弱、危险废物利用处置能力不匹配不均衡、集中处置区域合作和跨省（区、市）协同有待探索、处置产业有待升级发展等问题.建议编制实施全国医疗废物和危险废物收集处理设施建设规划,提升医疗废物环境管理和应急响应能力,提升医疗废物、危险废物调查评估和监管信息化能力,统筹建立健全多层次的危险废物处置设施体系,推动利用处置技术优化升级,通过加强顶层设计,聚焦重点领域,推进医疗废物危险废物补短板工作.      

施硼对水稻幼苗吸收和分泌砷的影响

通过3组水培试验研究了营养液不同供硼(B)浓度和叶面施B对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗吸收、转运和分泌砷(As)的影响.在10μmol·L-1三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]或五价砷[As(Ⅴ)]处理下,营养液B浓度没有显著影响水稻体内As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)和总As的含量、转移系数和根吸收效率.叶面施B使得水稻幼苗地上部的B含量显著增加15.8倍,使得As(Ⅴ)处理条件下的根部As含量和As根吸收效率分别显著降低20.9%和18.0%,As(Ⅲ)处理条件下的根部As含量和As根吸收效率分别降低12.6%和13.8%(P0.05),而地上部As含量降低不显著(P0.05).在As(Ⅴ)处理下,叶面施B使根部B含量显著降低达47.1%,而As(Ⅲ)处理下根部B含量无显著变化.As(Ⅴ)处理下的水稻根部B含量平均比As(Ⅲ)处理高85.3%(P0.05).叶面施B后,As(Ⅴ)处理下水稻根部中总As含量和As(Ⅴ)含量均与根部B含量呈显著正相关(P0.05).As(Ⅲ)预处理后水稻幼苗根系外泌的As总量比As(Ⅴ)预处理高105.2%.叶面施B使As(Ⅲ)预处理水稻的As外泌量增加14.0%~16.9%(P0.05),对As(Ⅴ)预处理的水稻As外泌无影响.水稻根部有45.9%~70.7%的As可以在1周内被外排到生长介质中.结果表明,营养液供B浓度为As浓度的4倍时仍不能减少水稻幼苗对As的吸收累积,而叶面施B有助于减少水稻对As的吸收.B通道不是As(Ⅲ)进入水稻根系的主要途径;As(Ⅴ)在水稻中的迁移分配机制可能与B的迁移运输有关.     

城市化与生态环境耦合协调度评价研究——以济南市为例

以济南市为研究区域,利用2006年-2015年的统计数据,建立城市化与生态环境协调度评价指标体系,对济南市城市化与生态环境耦合协调关系进行分析与评价。结果表明:2006年-2015年期间,济南市城市化与生态环境耦合度处于拮抗阶段;2006年-2008年期间,城市化与生态环境耦合协调度处于严重不协调阶段,2009年-2015年期间,城市化与生态环境耦合协调度处于基本不协调阶段。正确认识城市化与区域生态环境耦合协调度特征,采取恰当的城市发展战略,改善生态环境,对区域可持续发展具有重要意义。     

欧盟废荧光灯管回收管理经验及对中国的启示

中国在废荧光灯管回收管理方面尚未建立有效的法规制度体系,导致废荧光灯管大部分混入生活垃圾进行了填埋或焚烧处置。欧盟在废荧光灯管回收管理方面建立了较为完善的收集体系和资金机制,取得了较好的效果。中国应借鉴欧盟经验,尽快建立健全社会源废荧光灯管生产者责任延伸制度,加快建设社会源尤其是家庭源废荧光灯管的多元化收集体系,积极探索实行由行业协会等第三方机构主导的资金机制运行方式,并坚持开展长期宣传教育活动。     

低碳经济时代的全民健身运动发展研究

针对论低碳经济时代的全民健身运动问题,文中对低碳经济是全世界各国人民的发展大事,是地球人都要关心的重要问题,没有低碳经济,地球的生态环境就会在科技发展的情况下得到破坏,最终人类就没有了生存的空间;然后文中探讨了低碳经济与全民健身的关系,主要介绍了低碳经济与全民健身的发展、低碳经济的发展与全民健身热潮的重要性和转变人们的思维与树立低碳健身理念,只有在今天,虽然已经存在生态环境的破坏,但我们仍要坚持全民健身运动,提高健身体魄。     

Uranium speciation in coal bottom ash investigated via X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectra

Similar to chromium contamination, the environmental contamination caused by uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash (CBA) is primarily dependent on the chemical speciation of uranium. However, the relationship between uranium speciation and environmental contamination has not been adequately studied. To determine the relationship between uranium speciation and environmental contamination, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analyses were performed to determine the uranium speciation in CBA exposed to different chemical environments and simulated natural environments. The leachability of the different forms of uranium in the CBA was studied via a simulated acid rain leaching experiment, and the results showed that 57.0% of the total uranium was leached out as U(VI). The results of a linear combination fit (LCF) of the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum revealed that in the raw CBA, the uranium mainly occurred as U3O8 (71.8%). However, in the iron-rich particles, the uranium mainly occurred as UO2 (91.9%) after magnetic separation. Magnetite is a ubiquitous ferrous-bearing oxide, and it was effective for the sorption of U(IV). The result of FeSO4 leaching experiment indicated that 96.57% of total uranium was reduced from U(VI) to U(IV) when infiltrated with the FeSO4 solution for 6 months. This result clearly demonstrated the changes in chemical valence of uranium in the coal ash and provided a conceptual principle for preventing uranium migration from ash to the surrounding soil and plants.     

生物矿化在重金属污染治理领域的研究进展

生物矿化通过生物代谢影响金属及类金属物质的形态分布,进而改变金属及类金属物质的生物有效性及毒性,在环境污染治理领域成为研究热点.文献计量学结果显示,2007—2017年生物矿化研究以微生物为主要对象,在纳米颗粒物和矿区修复等方面形成热点,并在环境学、生物学、化学和工程学等领域形成交叉学科.结合典型矿化菌与重金属间的矿化关联规律和微界面反应对微生物矿化中重金属的钝化机制进行归纳:①依据矿化菌与矿化产物的关联性对矿化菌进行分类,从碳酸盐、铁锰氧化物、硫化物和磷酸盐4类矿化产物角度汇总了碳酸盐矿化菌、铁锰氧化菌、硫酸盐还原菌及磷酸盐溶解菌的代表微生物;②矿化菌通过诱导矿化的方式固定重金属离子,其中碳酸盐矿化菌、硫酸盐还原菌及磷酸盐溶解菌可以直接促进金属矿物的形成,铁锰氧化菌生成的矿物间接吸附金属离子;③微生物矿化是由外及内的过程,细胞壁及胞外多聚物具有丰富基团,在矿化初期提供吸附和成核位点,原生质体也可以提供矿化场所,在矿化中后期继续固定游离离子.但是,由于微生物复杂的细胞结构及独特的生理习性,矿化过程的微界面反应机制研究尚显不足,需要利用生物学、矿物学、环境科学等领域的先进技术进一步的探索;同时也应开展宏观生态水平的生物矿化研究,并结合实际问题完善生物矿化在环境污染治理中的理论,为重金属污染地区的治理提供新的思路和技术.