煤矿瓦斯爆炸主要原因的试验研究

利用长径比为7,横截面积为1m~2,一端开口的7m~3的爆炸试验装置,停放成下斜、水平和上倾状态,模拟一段煤巷道的走向。用和瓦斯气具有相同比重的天然气作为试验的可燃气体,在上述试验装置内进行了一系列爆炸试验。试验结果证明了:煤矿向下倾斜的巷道对瓦斯气的自洁作用可保证不集存大量瓦斯气,是安全的;水平走向的巷道在有合适的通风情况下也是安全的;向上倾斜的巷道有集存瓦斯气的自恶化作用,会造成较强的爆炸。     

南黄海6.1级地震的中期预报

归纳介绍了１９９５年两篇报告中的中期预报意见及主要依据，并据此讨论了这次中期预报与南黄海６．１级地震的对应关系及今后长南带海域６级以上地震中期预报的思路     

Determination of dissolved selenium species in environmental samples

This article reports on the technique for the determination of selenium at ppt level and the procedure for the speciation of dissolved selenium in the environmental samples. By combining the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a fluorescent detector (FLD), this technique permits the determination of selenium at 0.001 μg/L for Se(IV) and 0.005 μg/L for Se(VI) and the total concentration of selenium for a sample volume of 20 ml. In the speciation procedure, Se(IV) is firstly determined based on the selectivity of 2, 4 - diaminonaphthalene (DAN), the Se (VI) and the total element concentration are determined after reduced to Se(IV) by boiling in 4 mol/L HCl and by digesting in HNO3-HClO4 mixture, respectively. Discussions are given on the relationship between selenium speciation in waters and soil water extract and solution pH, EH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC).     

新藏公路(新疆段)沿线道路病害及成因初析

新藏公路新疆段横跨塔里木盆地与昆仑山两大地貌单元，沿线泥石流、滑坡、水毁、崩塌、坍塌、碎落、雪害、涎流冰、翻浆和多年冻土等道路病害类型多样，发生频繁，不时断道阻车，严重影响着新藏公路的通行。该段沿线地质构造错综复杂，新构造运动和地震活动强烈，地形起伏大，地貌类型多样，气候条件多变，冰川作用强烈，以及人为不合理的建设活动和现有道路设计标准低、承灾能力差等，促进了各类道路病害的形成和发展。随着全球气候变暖、太阳活动和地震活动的加强，道路病害将进人新的活跃期，防灾形势十分严峻。     

MODIS_NDVI在白洋淀蝗虫害监测中的应用

运用不同年份蝗虫发育过程中的遥感影像。结合实地调查反映资料，研究了MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)在监测蝗虫害中的应用。结果表明，该指数不仅能反映芦苇地蝗虫害的是否发生。还能反映不同区域蝗虫害的发生程度。在蝗虫卵孵化期的MODIS—NDVI图像上。指数值介于0．425～0．567的区域为蝗虫最适宜孵化区，高于0．732的区域则不利于蝗虫卵的孵化。这些研究结果为监测和预警农业蝗虫害的发生提供重要的依据。     

污水处理技术综述

2l世纪人类社会的经济发展，将面临环境污染等问题，水处理技术的进展为环境污染的治理等作出贡献的同时，也将受到环境问题的制约。展望了2l世纪水的化学处理技术、物理处理技术、生物处理技术的进展，并提出若干建议。     

有机工业废水中常见污染物结构与活性关系专家系统研究

应用专家系统方法对88种有机工业废水中常见污染物的构效关系进行深入研究。结果表明,对学习集中68种化合物的正确分类率达到95％,对其余20种化合物的正确预报率达到90％。并应用量子化学方法对专家系统推理过程中所采用的部分构效关系规律进行解释。     

北京申奥宣传中应体现可持续发展理念的几点建议

可持续发展已经作为一种理念成为全人类的共识和共同的追求。北京中奥应集中体现中国作为发展中国家的特点,可用持续发展理念来指导绿色奥运、人文奥运、科技奥运,打好三结合这张牌。     

利用粉煤灰改进含铜酸性废水硫化法处理工艺

用粉煤灰对硫化沉淀法处理含铜酸性废水工艺进行改进试验,试验表明粉煤灰有吸附和絮凝沉降的作用,可显著改善单一硫化法沉降速度慢和脱水困难的缺陷。     

Climate capacity:the measurement for adaptation to climate change

This article proposed the concept of"climate capacity"as a way of measuring human’s adaptiveness to climate change.This article also focused on the related concepts like ecological carrying capacity,water resources carrying capacity,land carrying capacity as well as population carrying capacity.The concept of climate capacity was articulated against a background of global climate and environmental change.Essentially,China’s efforts to adapt to climate change was a matter of improving climate capacity,which is the ecosystem as well as the frequency,the intensity and the scale of human’s social activities that the climatic resources of a particular geographic area were supposed to support.The climate capacity has two components.One is the natural climate capacity,which includes temperature,sunlight,precipitation,extreme climatic events,etc.The other is the derived climate capacity,which includes water resources,land resources,ecological systems,climatic risks,etc.The climate capacity can be developed or be transferred between regions by taking engineering,technology or regime-based adaptive measures.However,these adaptive measures must be implemented under the principle of economic rationalism,ecological integrity,climate protection,and social justice.It is expected that by combining the climate capacity and its threshold value with the assessment of climate change risks,we are able to predict the optimal population carrying capacity and the scale of socioeconomic development,and furthermore,provide policy support for the socioeconomic development strategy and adaptive planning.In the regions with high climate capacity,there is a symbiotic relationship between adaptation and socioeconomic development.But,in the regions with limited climate capacity,irrational development may further damage the environment.Taking the Yangtze River delta,a region with high climate capacity,and a region of Ningxia,a region with limited climate capacity,as illustrative examples,the authors of this article analyzed the policy implications of climate capacity and further made suggestions on the problems of capacitylimited adaptation and development-driven adaptation.This article argued that the concept of climate capacity can not only be used as an analytical instrument of climate change economics,but also it can provide research support for planning regional adaptation and development with climate change impact and risk assessments.