柴达木盆地水资源承载力研究

提出了以期望人口为核心的水资源承载力指标体系,并应用于柴达木盆地水资源承载力的实际研究． 用柴达木盆地水资源承载力系统动力学仿真模型（ＳＤＳＭＷＲＳＣＣＢ）计算了人口等承载力指标的预测值,把期望值和预测值进行了深入分析比较,推断出柴达木盆地水资源承载力．     

基于层次分析法评估长江上游宜宾段工业园区环境风险

长江宜宾段工业园区中分布着众多化工企业,对周边流域生态环境具有潜在风险.选择环境风险源、管控机制、风险受体3个准则层,包括行业类型、园区企业生产工艺、环境管理体系、环境风险管理体系、受纳水体环境等13个指标层建立评估模型体系;采用层次分析法(AHP)评估了宜宾市6家工业园区(A～F)的环境风险评.结果表明,6家工业园区...     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.     

集约化蔬菜种植区地下水中反硝化细菌的分离鉴定

从研究我国典型集约化蔬菜种植区地下水中硝酸盐的来源和浓度人手,进行富集、培养、分离、纯化,筛选出一株具有反硝化作用的菌株,通过形态学、革兰氏染色结合16SrDNA序列同源性分析鉴定,其鉴定结果为农杆菌(Agrobacterium sp.).该研究为开展地下水硝酸盐污染的生物修复储备宝贵的菌种资源,为地下水中硝酸盐污染的原位微生物修复和相关污水的生物处理提供微牛物基础,对于经济、有效的解决地下水硝酸盐污染和水资源短缺的问题有着十分重要的意义.     

固体废物相关概念的基本特点

固体废物法对废物的一些概念进行了定义,在固体废物环境管理当中,对这些概念缺乏深入认识,导致在实际管理中对固体废物和危险废物的调查、认定、统计、管理、预测、设施建设等一系列与废物相关的行动出现偏差甚至不准确。对固体废物、危险废物以及废物利用、处置、贮存、排放等概念包含的内容进行了研究,提出了一些新的认识观点。     

非定态SO2制酸工艺在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用

介绍了非定态SO2制酸工艺的特点、流程及其在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用效果.该工艺具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和较好的经济效益,具有较高的推广应用价值.     

溶气气浮过程动力学模型的分形观

凝聚/絮凝过程中形成的絮体通常具有分形几何结构,导致絮体的密度、渗透性发生了变化,从而对于固液分离过程(沉淀、气浮和过滤)带来很大的影响。本文基于前人对于絮体分形的研究成果,建立了絮体与微气泡之间接触碰撞的动力学方程、絮体/微气泡聚集体在水中上升的分形速率方程。絮体与微气泡间的相对尺度和流态的不同会有不同的碰撞机制,相应的动力学方程式与絮体的分形维数也有不同的关系。     

江苏油田原水油珠粒径分布测定

测定了江苏油田黄珏污水站原水中油珠粒径分布,为合理选择和设计污水处理工艺与装置提供了必要的基础数据。实验测定江苏油田黄珏污水站原水含油量为62.3 mg/L。该站的三相分离器具有较好的油水分离能力。原水中浮油(粒径≥99.4μm)占8.3%,粒径≥28.4μm的分散油占14.3%,而粒径≤28.4μm的分散油、浮化油等约占77.4%。单纯采用重力沉降法可除去原水中22.6%的含油量。同时对油珠粒径分布测定方法进行了改进。新方法减少了水样含油量的测定工作量,且设备简单、操作方便。     

Estimating the impact of seawater on the production of soil water-extractable organic carbon during coastal erosion

The production of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) during arctic coastal erosion and permafrost degradation may contribute significantly to C fluxes under warming conditions, but it remains difficult to quantify. A tundra soil collected near Barrow, AK, was selected to evaluate the effects of soil pretreatments (oven drying vs. freeze drying) as well as extraction solutions (pure water vs. seawater) on WEOC yields. Both oven drying and freeze drying significantly increased WEOC release compared with the original moist soil samples; dried samples released, on average, 18% more WEOC than did original moist samples. Similar results were observed for the production of low-molecular-weight dissolved organic C. However, extractable OC released from different soil horizons exhibited differences in specific UV absorption, suggesting differences in WEOC quality. Furthermore, extractable OC yields were significantly less in samples extracted with seawater compared with those extracted with pure water, likely due to the effects of major ions on extractable OC flocculation. Compared with samples from the active horizons, upper permafrost samples released more WEOC, suggesting that continuously frozen samples were more sensitive than samples that had experienced more drying-wetting cycles in nature. Specific UV absorption of seawater-extracted OC was significantly lower than that of OC extracted using pure water, suggesting more aromatic or humic substances were flocculated during seawater extraction. Our results suggest that overestimation of total terrestrial WEOC input to the Arctic Ocean during coastal erosion could occur if estimations were based on WEOC extracted from dried soil samples using pure water.     

日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染及其防治措施研究

畜禽粪便中大量有机污染物污染着人们赖以生存的土壤和水体,粪尿分解产生的大量有害气体污染了大气。本文结合日照市畜牧业生产的实际,对日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染现状进行了分析,找出了日照市畜牧业生产对环境污染产生的主要原因和存在问题,提出畜牧业生产对环境污染的防治对策。