Toxicity of environmental nanosilver: mechanism and assessment

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nanosilver (nAg) is increasingly being used in a wide array of fields, and its toxicity has been extensively studied. Here we present a review of environmental nAg...     

故障树分析法在高炉炉前灼伤事故中的应用

应用故障树分析法能系统地分析高炉炉前灼伤的原因，在故障村图上，因果关系明确，并能找出事故发生的主要原因，从而制定措施，以有效地预防事故的发生。     

Ti-SnO_2电解快速去除熄焦循环水中COD

以Ti-SnO2电极作为阴阳极,利用电解池对焦化厂熄焦循环水COD进行去除。极板间距为1 cm,6个极片组成电解池,处理熄焦循环水。实验结果表明:废水被稀释1倍时,污染物的浓度有利于COD的去除;最佳去除条件是电解电压为11 V,p H值为6;当电解时间为0.5 h时,废水的COD由230 mg/L降低到138 mg/L,满足《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》中规定的焦化生产废水经处理后用于熄焦时对COD的要求;电解时间增加到2 h,废水的COD由230 mg/L降低到66 mg/L,去除率达到80%。     

大连市南部地区冬季气态总汞浓度特征研究

利用RA-915AM汞监测仪对大连市南部地区冬季环境空气中的气态总汞进行连续监测,研究了该地区气态总汞的污染现状、日变化特征以及与空气质量指数(AQI)和气象参数的关系。结果显示,采样期间气态总汞浓度日均值变化范围为2.1~7.1 ng/m3。气态总汞浓度与AQI具有几乎一致的变化趋势。气态总汞浓度从早晨7:00左右开始逐渐减小,中午时达到最小值,之后又逐渐增大。夜间浓度高于昼间,属于夜间控制型。气态总汞与风速呈显著负相关性,与相对湿度呈显著正相关性,与温度无相关性。     

“2014.5.10”云南怒江州福贡泥石流成因分析

2004年5月10日云南怒江州福贡县石月亮乡发生泥石流等地质灾害,造成人员、经济重大损失。分析了此次泥石流形成的条件,并着重探讨了天气学成因,结果表明:脆弱的地质环境、陡峻的迎风坡、便于集水、集物的地形地貌和丰富的松散物质是怒江贡山泥石流易发生的有利地质地貌条件;连续性累积降水及短时间暴雨的产生为泥石流提供了较好的水源条件;高原短波槽与孟加拉湾南支槽东移合并,中、低层槽前西偏南暖湿气流500 h Pa偏西北气流是形成怒江暴雨过程的大尺度天气环流背景;地面辐合线、干线、低层显著湿区、湿舌等是导致降水的中尺度系统;高能高湿的潜在不稳定及近地层的水汽辐合是暴雨发生的有利条件;多普勒雷达图10~20 d Bz分散的絮状回波、部分35 d Bz块絮状回波、卫星云图多絮状对流云、无强对流云团活动反映此次暴雨过程为非对流性暴雨。     

基于区间数信息的区域应急物资储备库选址多目标决策模型

应急物资储备库选址决策是区域应急物资储备体系建设中的重要问题之一。该文研究了基于区间数的区域应急物资储备库选址问题的模糊多目标决策方法,给出了区间数的概念和排序规则,构建了约束条件中含有区间数的区域应急物资储备库选址问题的模糊多目标规划模型,提出了求模型满意解的算法,最后通过算例分析说明该方法的有效性。     

Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

Disruption of iron homeostasis and resultant health effects upon exposure to various environmental pollutants: A critical review

Environmental pollution has become one of the greatest problems in the world, and the concerns about environmental pollutants released by human activities from agriculture and industrial production have been continuously increasing. Although intense efforts have been made to understand the health effects of environmental pollutants, most studies have only focused on direct toxic effects and failed to simultaneously evaluate the long-term adaptive, compensatory and secondary impacts on health. Burgeoning evidence suggests that environmental pollutants may directly or indirectly give rise to disordered element homeostasis, such as for iron. It is crucially important to maintain concerted cellular and systemic iron metabolism. Otherwise, disordered iron metabolism would lead to cytotoxicity and increased risk for various diseases, including cancers. Thus, study on the effects of environmental pollutants upon iron homeostasis is urgently needed. In this review, we recapitulate the available findings on the direct or indirect impacts of environmental pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals and pesticides, on iron homeostasis and associated adverse health problems. In view of the unanswered questions, more efforts are warranted to investigate the disruptive effects of environmental pollutants on iron homeostasis and consequent toxicities.