Numerical simulation for impacts of hydrodynamic conditions on algae growth in Chongqing Section of Jialing River, China

Hydrodynamic conditions are important factors for planktonic algae growth, through introducing two parameters which express the optimal velocity and the velocity range for planktonic algae growth, a new velocity factor was put forward for the formula of growth rate. Therefore, the two-dimensional unsteady ecological dynamic model for algae growth was established to analyze the effects of hydrodynamic conditions on algae growth in Chongqing Reach of Jialing River in China. The temporal and spatial distribution of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration was simulated numerically for various water levels, under climate conditions in period of high frequency for algae blooms of Three Gorges Reservoir and nutrition status at present in the research reach. The corresponding locations and areas of likely algae blooms were analyzed and forecasted. The results showed that about 0.04 m s⁻¹ was the optimal velocity for algae growth, and the occurrence of algae blooms in large scale is almost impossible because of relatively high water flow velocity for Jialing River.     

青岛城市土壤重金属的形态分布及影响因素分析

选取青岛市不同功能区63个代表性的表层土壤样品,分析了其重金属元素的含量和存在形态.结果表明,青岛城市土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd均受到不同程度的污染,其中Cd属于重度污染,土壤重金属累积污染程度为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb.Cu和Zn主要以残渣态为主,Pb主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化态为主,Cd主要以残渣态和有机结合态为主;土...     

产油脂微藻的分离鉴定及培养条件优化

为促进自养高产油微藻的工业化应用,从青海多种生境中分离到34株产油微藻,以筛选获得产油脂最高的青3-2-2株为出发株,18S rRNA分析表明其与栅列藻属(Scenedesmus sp.)同源性达到99%以上,确定该株属于栅列藻属.研究氮源、培养时间、培养温度、初始pH值等培养条件对微藻生物量及油脂含量的影响,优化培养条件为:硝酸钠为氮源,以10%(V/V)接种量接种于普通SE培养基,培养温度为25℃,初始pH 7.0,培养周期为20 d,可以获得较高的油脂产率,比优化前的产率增加了近70%.     

南海北部海域底泥微生物的腐殖质还原性能研究

微生物的腐殖质还原过程自1996年发现以来,日益成为环境领域的一个研究热点。以南海北部海域的8个底泥为实验材料,利用蒽醌-2,6,-双磺酸（AQDS）为腐殖质模式物,初步探讨了南海北部8个底泥培养物对腐殖质的还原能力,并探讨了驯化后的8个底泥微生物对腐殖质的还原过程。结果发现：从南海北部深海海域到海陆交接的香港米浦红树林的8个底泥样品培养液均能很好的还原AQDS;驯化后的8个站点底泥微生物对腐殖质还原的能力有所不同,在48 h,E425站点培养液中的OD450只有0.74,其余7个站点培养液中的OD450都在2.0~3.0之间,推测其原因是8个站点中腐殖质还原微生物的数量具有明显差异,使得各站点的OD450差异很大。研究结果为认知腐殖质还原微生物的分布和探究腐殖质还原微生物在环境中的生态学意义提供重要的理论依据。     

不同水生植物配置对河涌污水的净化效果

研究不同配置的挺水植物组合对河涌污水污染物的净化效果,为在河涌污水治理上构建有效的人工湿地植物处理系统提供依据。选择10种净化能力较强的挺水植物,组成6种不同配置的挺水植物组合,采用无土栽培的方式模拟人工湿地的环境进行静态培养试验,测定出不同水生植物组合及在不同污水的停留时间（HRT）下对河涌污水污染物的去除率。6种不同配置的水生植物组合在HRT为5 d时对NH4＋-N、TN、TP、CODCr、BOD5的去除率（平均去除率分别为98.2%、81.2%、91.3%、71.8%、79.4%）均较高;以组合1：香根草Vetiveria zizanioides＋风车草Cyperus alternifolius＋美人蕉Canna indica＋菖蒲Acorus calamus＋再力花Thalia dealbata的处理效果为最佳。不同水生植物系统对污水的净化效率取决于HRT,当HRT从1～5 d时,NH4＋-N、TN、TP去除率每天的增幅均逐渐增加,当HRT从5～7 d时,NH4＋-N、TN、TP去除率每天的增幅却均迅速下降;说明3种不同配置的水生植物系统对河涌污水NH4＋-N、TN、TP的净化效率均以HRT为5 d时最高。     

环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)检测人星状病毒方法的建立及其在再生水检测中的应用

为快速高效地检测人星状病毒,建立了一种新的试验方法——环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology,LAMP),并对人星状病毒LAMP反应条件进行了优化.结果表明,镁离子终浓度为4 mmol·L-1、甜菜碱终浓度为1mol.L-1的25μL体系下...     

类二噁英多氯联苯生殖毒性的研究进展

类二噁英多氯联苯(DlPCBs)作为典型的环境内分泌干扰物,会干扰接触个体或其后代的内分泌功能,破坏机体的神经系统、免疫系统,尤其对生殖系统的影响最为明显,比如对生殖器官的形态与功能、生殖内分泌、原始生殖细胞及其受精和早期胚胎发育等产生严重影响,最终导致各种生殖系统疾病的发生。DlPCBs的蓄积性及半挥发性使其在环境中分布广泛,半衰期长的特点使其将对动物及人类的生存和健康造成难以想象的影响。本文综述了DlPCBs的分类与构成、一般性质、生殖毒性以及其可能的致病机理,并对DlPCBs生殖毒性机理研究的重点方向进行了展望。     

Assessment of spatial distribution of soil loss over the upper basin of Miyun reservoir in China based on RS and GIS techniques

Soil conservation planning often requires estimates of the spatial distribution of soil erosion at a catchment or regional scale. This paper applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to investigate the spatial distribution of annual soil loss over the upper basin of Miyun reservoir in China. Among the soil erosion factors, which are rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), slope steepness (S), vegetation cover (C), and support practice factor (P), the vegetative cover or C factor, which represents the effects of vegetation canopy and ground covers in reducing soil loss, has been one of the most difficult to estimate over broad geographic areas. In this paper, the C factor was estimated based on back propagation neural network and the results were compared with the values measured in the field. The correlation coefficient (r) obtained was 0.929. Then the C factor and the other factors were used as the input to RUSLE model. By integrating the six factor maps in geographical information system (GIS) through pixel-based computing, the spatial distribution of soil loss over the upper basin of Miyun reservoir was obtained. The results showed that the annual average soil loss for the upper basin of Miyun reservoir was 9.86 t ha(-1) ya(-1) in 2005, and the area of 46.61 km(2) (0.3%) experiences extremely severe erosion risk, which needs suitable conservation measures to be adopted on a priority basis. The spatial distribution of erosion risk classes was 66.9% very low, 21.89% low, 6.18% moderate, 2.89% severe, and 1.84% very severe. Thus, by using RUSLE in a GIS environment, the spatial distribution of water erosion can be obtained and the regions which susceptible to water erosion and need immediate soil conservation planning and application over the upper watershed of Miyun reservoir in China can be identified.     

Sorption of DDTs on biofilms, suspended particles and river sediments: effects of heavy metals

The sorption by solid materials is one of the most important processes that affect the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants in aquatic systems. Current studies focus on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single natural solid material, whereas few studies compared the sorption behaviors of different solids. Furthermore, natural aquatic environment is a complex system where hydrophobic pollutants coexist with many other pollutants, but only limited studies reported the effects of coexisting components on the sorption. Here we studied the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) by three common solids in natural water, i.e., biofilms, suspended particles and sediments. The effects of typical coexisting heavy metals on the sorption were also examined. The results show that the sorption is described by a dual-mode sorption model. Compared with sediments, more DDTs were sorbed by biofilms and suspended particles. Coexisting Pb, Cd and Cu increased the sorption of DDTs on sediments while decreasing the sorption on biofilms slightly, with little effect on the sorption on suspended particles. The different sorption behaviors of the solids were mainly determined by the composition of the solids: more organics were observed in biofilms and suspended particles.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区典型植物耐旱生理及抗旱性评价

通过实地采样获取黄土高原丘陵区柠条、侧柏、油松、山杏和山毛桃5种常见植物类型的4个耐旱指标(丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、谷胱甘肽含量、束缚水/自由水含量比值)和2个抗旱指标(脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量)数据,采用模糊数学隶属函数法和灰色关联分析法评价不同植物的抗旱能力和不同指标的指示效果.结果表明,不同树种的上述6个生理指标对干旱条件的响应存在显著差异,但基于单个指标获得的树种抗旱能力排序结果不完全一致,说明单个指标无法全面描述树种的抗旱能力,对5个树种抗旱能力大小的综合评价结果为柠条＞侧柏＞油松＞山杏＞山毛桃.耐旱指标叶绿素含量、束缚水/自由水含量比值、谷胱甘肽含量和抗旱指标脯氨酸含量与抗旱隶属度的关联度值均＞0.60,可用以指示植物的抗旱能力,其中,以脯氨酸含量的指示效果最好.