固定化甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina)研究——厌氧颗粒污泥的形成

用实验室规模的UASB反应器处理豆制品废水培养厌氧颗粒污泥。通过对颗粒污泥形成过程中的产气率、进出水COD、水滞留期（HRT）、进出水挥发酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）浓度、所产气体的甲烷含量等的变化分析和对颗粒污泥中优势产甲烷菌的扫描（SEM）和透射（TEM）电镜观察,阐明颗粒污泥的形成过程及特性。实验结果表明,消化器运转50d左右形成了颗粒污泥,厌氧颗粒污泥形成期间的平均产气率为5.3L/L·d,最高产气率达到了8.1L/L·d,进水和出水COD分别为3000～5500mg/L和800～3000mg/L,平均HRT为10.4h,平均出水乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度分别为264.1、519.8和104.6mg/L,所产气体的平均甲烷含量为60.6％,颗粒污泥为黑色,直径0.5～3.0mm不等,沉降速率为119.6m/h,其中的优势产甲烷菌为鬃毛甲烷菌（Methanosaeta）,而甲烷八叠球菌（Methanosarcina）存在甚少。     

Artificial aging induced changes in biochar,s properties and Cd2+ adsorption behaviors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fresh biochar has been widely applied to the remediation of heavy metals in soil by its property of adsorption, but the changes in its physicochemical...     

非分散红外分光光度法测定饮食业油烟

提出了非分散红外分光光度法测定饮食业油烟的方法．采用红外光谱仪,于2930cm^-1波数处进行测量。对滤简的空白值作了明确规定,只有其含油量在0．5mg／L以下才能用于测定。该方法操作简便,相对标准偏差为0．4％．精密度好。加标回收率在97％～105％之间。     

庐山春季降水化学的研究

对庐山春季降水的化学组成进行了研究。庐山大气中SO₂、NO_X、NH₃、HNO₃浓度较低;降水酸化严重,所采样品的pH值全部小于5.6,最小pH值为3.71,平均pH值为4.26,降水中主要酸性物质是硫酸,而硝酸则占次要地位;云雾水组成高于降水,且酸度强于降水;对不同相态降水的比较表明,固相降水组成比雨水高2～6倍,但Ph值比雨水高0.6倍。根据研究结果推测,降水酸化是局地大气污染物的清除与酸性物质长距离输送共同作用的结果。     

用活化沸石处理含铅废水的试验研究

对用活化沸石处理含铅废水进行了试验研究。探讨了活化沸石用量、废水酸度、接触时间等因素对除铅效果的影响。结果表明,在废水ｐＨ４～１２、Ｐｂ２＋０～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内,按铅／活化沸石重量比为１／２００投加活化沸石进行处理,铅去除率大于９８％。     

地面水中氨,硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐,氯化物,正磷酸盐,总硬度和硅酸盐的同时测定

用AQUA800辨别分析仪同时测定地面水中的氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐,是一种简便、迅速、准确、可靠的测定方法,样品无需预处理,精密度试验其变异系数分别为1．24％、2．18％、2．02％、2．67％、2．35％、3．57％、4．78％,加标回收率分别为103．5％、101．0％、95．0％、99．2％、97．6％、101．5％、98．0％,方法检测限分别为氨0．022mg／L,硝酸盐0．015mp／L,亚硝酸盐0．002tug／L,氯化物0．47mg／L,正磷酸盐0．015mg／L,总硬度17．6mg／L,硅酸盐0．55mg/L,能满足地面水中辨别分析仪同时测定氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐点化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐分析测定的要求。     

An ultra-clean firn core from the Devon Island Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada, retrieved using a titanium drill specially designed for trace element studies

An electromechanical drill with titanium barrels was used to recover a 63.7 m long firn core from Devon Island Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada, representing 155 years of precipitation. The core was processed and analysed at the Geological Survey of Canada by following strict clean procedures for measurements of Pb and Cd at concentrations at or below the pg g(-1) level. This paper describes the effectiveness of the titanium drill with respect to contamination during ice core retrieval and evaluates sample-processing procedures in laboratories. The results demonstrate that: (1) ice cores retrieved with this titanium drill are of excellent quality with metal contamination one to four orders of magnitude less than those retrieved with conventional drills; (2) the core cleaning and sampling protocols used were effective, contamination-free, and adequate for analysis of the metals (Pb and Cd) at low pg g(-1) levels; and (3) results from 489 firn core samples analysed in this study are comparable with published data from other sites in the Arctic, Greenland and the Antarctic.     

移动通信基站产品的随机振动试验分析

本文首先对随机振动试验和电动式振动台的原理进行简要分析,然后结合这些分析,对移动通信基站产品的随机振动试验的级别分类,设备选择,问题解决等进行探讨。     

煤层气开发环境影响浅析

在国际能源局势趋紧的情况下,作为一种优质高效清洁能源,煤层气具有广阔的开发前景。我国煤层气开发仍处于起步阶段,因此,煤层气开发对环境的影响应该引起关注。文章分析了煤层气开发对水环境、生态环境、大气环境及声环境的影响,对探索并形成系统有效的环保措施有一定参考价值。     

Pyrolysis characteristics of organic components of municipal solid waste at high heating rates

The pyrolysis characteristics of six representative organic components of municipal solid waste (MSW) and their mixtures were studied in a specially designed thermogravimetric analysis apparatus with a maximum recorded heating rate of 864.8 degrees Cmin(-1). The pyrolysis behavior of individual components was described by the Avrami-Erofeev equation. The influence of final temperature on individual components was studied, and it was concluded that final temperature was a factor in reaction speed and intensity, but that it played only a limited role in determining the reaction mechanism. The interactions between different components were evaluated, and it was concluded that the interaction between homogeneous materials was minimal, whereas the interaction between polyethylene and biomass was significant.