“两湖一库”水源地污染治理与保护对策

针对红枫湖、百花湖和阿哈水库(简称"两湖一库")日益严重的污染问题,结合"两湖一库"的主要污染源和污染物,在充分考虑周边农村和企业的状况前提下,提出了明确责任,严格问责;管理部门主抓,业务部门配合;政府出资,多方筹措;宣传教育为主,依法治理为辅;统筹考虑,分类治理;科研先导,工程主导;切断外源,根治内源等"两湖一库"水源地治理与保护对策。     

Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city

Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.     

水位调控法恢复富营养化水体沉水植物技术研究——以无锡五里湖为例

利用降低水位后引种水生植物(尤其是沉水植物),然后根据水生植物的成活率与长势,逐步提高水位的水位调控方法,成功地在无锡市五里湖的退渔还湖区域大大地提高了水生植物覆盖度,水生植物的多样性也明显提高。该方法具有操作简单、见效快、成本低廉的特点,值得在类似富营养化水体的生态环境治理中推广应用。     

加氢装置硫化氢腐蚀问题及防治对策

分析了加氢装置硫腐蚀的机理及影响因素,从选材、防腐、设备控制等方面提出了对策措施.     

Na型斜发沸石去除水中铁锰及其再生方法研究

为建立一种简单、有效、应用性强的地下水除铁锰方法,研究了Na型斜发沸石除铁锰及其影响因素并建立了再生方法.研究表明Na型斜发沸石对Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)均表现出较强的吸附能力,对Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)的最大饱和吸附量分别达4.00 mg/g和3.50 mg/g;且吸附速率快,吸附动力学较好地符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学模型.采用Langmuir吸附等温线能较好描述Bio-F吸附Fe(Ⅱ)(R2=0.981 4)及Mn(Ⅱ)(R2=0.989 9)的过程.该吸附剂在pH6～7范围内可保持90%以上吸附Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)的能力.Na型斜发沸石可用15%的NaCl溶液再生,10次再生实验证明其吸附容量可保持100%,研究表明该方法用于高铁锰饮用水处理具有较强的应用价值.     

石油化工放射工作人员细胞遗传学分析研究

目的分析研究长期接触射线的石油化工放射工作人员细胞遗传学改变,评价x、y、中子射线对人体细胞遗传学影响.方法染色体培养采用微量全血培养法;微核测定采用常规培养法.结果射线组人员染色体畸变率为0.28%,微核细胞率为3.23‰,明显高于对照组(0.145%.0.165‰),两组间比较有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论不同射线工龄组、不同放射应用专业人员的染色体畸变率、淋巴细胞微核率均明显高于对照组,差异有非常显著性.     

农村环境质量影响因素量化分析模型研究

通过对山阴县40个村庄的实际调查,分析影响农村环境质量的主要影响因素,建立多元回归模型,得出了农村居民人均纯收入、国家环保事业的资金投入、中国农村家庭的主要能源结构为主要影响因素,并通过实例验证该模型的可行性。     

中国森林土壤微生物动态变化研究进展

土壤微生物是森林生态系统的基本组成部分,在物质能量循环中起着十分重要的作用。根据目前中国森林土壤微生物的研究现状,分别在土壤微生物的分布特征、区系组成特征和动态变化影响因素等方面进行归纳和总结,以期发现森林环境下土壤微生物的动态变化规律,为今后的土壤微生物生态学的研究和发展奠定基础。     

Effects of activated sludge flocs and pellets seeds on aerobic granule properties

Aerobic granules seeded with activated sludge flocs and pellets (obtained from activated sludge flocs) were cultivated in two sequencing batch reactors and their characteristics were compared. Compared with granules seeded with activated sludge flocs, those seeded with pellets had shorter start-up time, larger diameter, better chemical oxygen demand removal e ciency, and higher hydrophobicity, suspended solid concentration, and Mg2+ content. The di erent inocula led the granule surface with di erent microbial morphologies, but did not result in di erent distribution patterns of extracellular polymeric substances and cells. The anaerobic bacterium Anoxybacillus sp. was detected in the granules seeded with pellets. These results highlighted the advantage of pellet over activated sludge floc as the seed for aerobic granulation and wastewater treatment.     

N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.