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171.
Pino NJ Dominguez MC Penuela GA 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(2):173-180
A bacterial consortium with the ability to degrade methyl parathion and p-nitrophenol, using these compounds as the only carbon source, was obtained by selective enrichment in a medium with methyl parathion. Samples were taken from Moravia, Medellin; an area that is highly contaminated, owing to the fact that it was used as a garbage dump from 1974 to 1982. Acinetobacter sp, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Citrobacter freundii, Stenotrophomonas sp, Flavobacterium sp, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas sp, Acinetobacter sp, Klebsiella sp and Proteus sp were the microorganisms identified within the consortium. In culture, the consortium was able to degrade 150 mg L?1 of methyl-parathion and p-nitrophenol in 120 h, but after adding glucose or peptone to the culture, the time of degradation decreased to 24 h. In soil, the consortium was also able to degrade 150 mg L?1 of methyl parathion in 120 h at different depths and also managed to decrease the toxicity. 相似文献
172.
The theory of collective action has been extensively used to explain the relationship between common-based property regimes and the conservation of natural resources. However, there are two key components of the theory that literature reports as puzzles in which no consensus exists about their effect on the performance of common-pool resources. These are group size and heterogeneity. This study analyzes the effects of these two key components on the effectiveness of community-based forestry, called ejidos, to protect their forest resources in northern Mexico. We used a multinomial logit model to determine the contribution of 16 explanatory variables to the dependent variable, a measure of success of ejidos defined by the presence of deforested, degraded, or forested conditions. The results show that corn yield, marginality, percent of forest area, total population, a forest value index, distance to markets, roads and towns, were all statistically significant in driving deforested conditions. Deforestation becomes more attractive for poor communities and as corn yield and distance to towns, roads, and markets decrease. In general, group size and heterogeneity had no significant effects on the presence of deforested conditions. Deforestation is driven by resource-specific characteristics, such as location and soil productivity, not by ejidos' attributes, such as total area or number of members. We argue that current institutional policies focusing on the structure of property right arrangements should be shifted (1) to provide better technology for land cultivation; (2) to reduce the marginality problem in poor communities; and (3) to strengthen local institutions. 相似文献
173.
Cíntia Melazo Dias Kristina Stenström Igor Luiz Bacelar Leão Roberto Ventura Santos Iêda Gomes Nícoli Göran Skog Peter Ekström Rosangela da Silveira Corrêa 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Atmospheric air samples were taken within 3 km from power plants encompassing five different distances and wind directions. Samples were taken between 2002 and 2005 aiming to evaluate the environmental 14C enrichment due to the operation of Brazilian nuclear power plants. The sampling system consisted of a pump connected to a trapping column filled with a 3 M NaOH solution. The trapped CO2 was analyzed for 14C by using a single stage accelerator mass spectrometry (SSAMS). 相似文献
174.
A Systematic Framework for the Design and Implementation of a Quality Management Practice: The Case of a Consulting Engineering Company 下载免费PDF全文
Herlander Mata‐Lima Fernando Morgado‐Dias Marina Carrato Galuzzi da Silva Kelly Alcântara José António Almeida 《环境质量管理》2016,25(4):49-61
Company productivity and competitiveness in today's marketplace requires creative design, innovation, and the reduction of nonconformances, which require costly rework and can damage a firm's reputation with its customers and potential customers. Using the International Organisation of Standardization's (ISO) 9000 and 14000 series of standards, the authors of this article walk readers through the rigorous process of obtaining upper management buy‐in and sponsorship and engaging workers in a bottom‐up approach to establish the procedures necessary to perform world‐class engineering services. 相似文献
175.
Herlander Mata‐Lima Andreilcy Alvino‐Borba Karen Akamatsu Bruno Incau Jakelline Jard Andreza Borba da Silva Fernando Morgado‐Dias 《环境质量管理》2016,26(2):89-104
This article proposes an integrated procedure to assess sustainability indicators that organizations can use to satisfy international requirements for sustainability. The indicators are related to key aspects of organizations, and their development includes comparing them to the results and policies of various other organizations that are seeking to achieve sustainability. The methodology we used is based on a bibliographic review, and it is intended to:
- Diagnose the state of the art of organizational sustainability,
- Provide organizations with tools to perform benchmarking based on the results, and
- Provide processes to identify best sustainability practices.
176.
de Lucena RF de Medeiros PM Araújo Ede L Alves AG de Albuquerque UP 《Journal of environmental management》2012,96(1):106-115
The ecological apparency hypothesis in ethnobotanical studies predicts that the apparent plants (i.e., the most easily found in the vegetation) would be the most commonly collected and used by people. To test this hypothesis, it has been used the concept of use value (VU), which measures the relative importance of useful plants for a group of people. However, the use value has got some limitations, including the fact that it does not distinguish "current use" (plants which are effectively used) from "potential use" (well known plants, however not used). Therefore, this study has tested whether the obtained results through three different use value calculations could be useful in testing the ecological apparency hypothesis. These calculations have included the current use value, the potential use value, and the general use value. It has been carried out a vegetation survey and an interview for residents from the rural communities from Barrocas and Cachoeira (Soledade, Paraíba, Brazil). It has been used Spearman's coefficient to correlate phytosociological and ethnobotanical data. It has been observed that phytosociological parameters in Cachoeira were not correlated with any of the use values calculations, except the relationship between the current use value and the relative dominance (r(s)?=?0.57; p?0.05). In Barrocas, every use value calculation was correlated with the basal area and the relative dominance. When each category of use is analyzed separately, it has been observed that there was no correlation between the use value and the phytosociological parameters, except for the construction category, in which the current use value in Cachoeira was correlated with the relative dominance (r(s)?=?0.63; p?0.05), importance value (r(s)?=?0.67; p?0.01), relative frequency (r(s)?=?0.71; p?0.05), and relative density (r(s)?=?0.72; p?0.01). In Barrocas, the UVc for the construction category was correlated with relative frequency (r(s)?=?0.69; p?0.05) and relative density (r(s)?=?0.66; p?0.01). These results have suggested that, the use value calculation, which takes into consideration just the current use of the species, is the one that best fits in the ecological apparency hypothesis. 相似文献
177.
178.
Maria J. Lima M. Enis Leblebici Madalena M. Dias José Carlos B. Lopes Cláudia G. Silva Adrián M. T. Silva Joaquim L. Faria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11116-11125
The degradation of ciprofloxacin was studied in aqueous solutions by using a continuous flow homogeneous photo-Fenton process under simulated solar light. The effect of different operating conditions on the degradation of ciprofloxacin was investigated by changing the hydrogen peroxide (0–2.50 mM) and iron(II) sulphate (0–10 mg Fe L?1) concentrations, as well as the pH (2.8–10), irradiance (0–750 W m?2) and residence time (0.13–3.4 min) of the process. As expected, the highest catalytic activity in steady state conditions was achieved at acidic pH (2.8), namely 85 % of ciprofloxacin conversion, when maintaining the other variables constant (i.e. 2.0 mg L?1 of iron(II), 2.50 mM of hydrogen peroxide, 1.8 min of residence time and 500 W m?2 of irradiance). Additionally, magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (ca. 20 nm of average particle size) were synthesized, characterized and tested as a possible catalyst for this reaction. In this case, the highest catalytic activity was achieved at natural pH, namely a 55 % average conversion of ciprofloxacin in 1.8 min of residence time and under 500 W m?2. Some of the photocatalytic activity was attributed to Fe2+ leaching from the magnetic nanoparticles to the solution. 相似文献
179.
Marίa Rodrίguez Encarnación Gustavo A. Narros José A. Molleda 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):156-160
Abstract An evaluation of the influence and degradation of ground multilayer containers, such as Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA), in the composting process of municipal solid wastes (MSW) is presented. Two composting piles were formed by mixing, in different proportions, an organic fraction of MSW and TBA material ground as flakes or stripes. Piles were periodically aerated by mechanical mixing. Evolution of the composting was followed by frequent measurements of suitable parameters such as temperature, moisture, ashes, total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen, C/N ratio, pH, conductivity, nutrients, and heavy metals. As expected, aluminum and polyethylene films from TBA were not degraded during the processes, but the cardboard fraction of TBA showed a partial decomposition that was more intense in the material ground as flakes. After two months of curing, the composts were refined and analyzed to determine their nutrient and heavy-metals contents. Despite their poor aesthetic properties, mainly resulting from the presence of little pieces of plastic and aluminum films, the composts contained the required amounts of nutrients; furthermore, their heavymetals content was below the limits proposed by some official European organizations. 相似文献
180.
The effects of charge reversal about the measured point of zero charge (pH(0) approximately 5.2) of untreated and treated Sete Lagoas lateritic soil of Brazil on aqueous polymer sorption was investigated. The polymers are anionic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCA), nonionic polyethylene oxide (PEO), and cationic polyacrylamide (PAM). They were prepared at aqueous concentrations and pH ranges of 0.1-2.0 g l(-1) and 2-9, respectively. Soil treatment involved the removal of iron oxides by treatment with dithionate-bicarbonate-citrate. Batch sorption test results show that the presence of iron oxides in lateritic soil tends to suppress sorption of CMCA (especially at pH=pH(0)) and PEO (for the whole pH range) but has uncertain effects on cationic PAM sorption. CMCA sorption on the untreated soil improves on either side of pH(0), in direct proportionality to solution concentration, except at pH<4.0, where disassociation of the polymer molecules may decrease sorption energy. Increase in the sorption of non-cationic polymers (CMCA and PEO) at pH>pH(0) is attributable to dispersion of clay, cation bridging and polymer molecular reconfiguration. For cationic PAM, electrostatic bonding to negatively charged soil particle surfaces accounts for the sorption increase. For treated soil samples, polymer sorption pattern is similar to those expected for the montmorillonitic clayey soils of temperate zones. These results indicate that the pH(0) of lateritic soils, within the regime that exists in the field, should be considered in assessing the potential effectiveness of polymer dust suppressants for tropical lateritic soils. 相似文献