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151.
Maëlle Connan Patrick Mayzaud Guy Duhamel Bo T. Bonnevie Yves Cherel 《Marine Biology》2010,157(10):2303-2316
Fatty acid (FA) and fatty alcohol (FAlc) compositions of both total lipid and neutral lipid fractions were studied for five
myctophid species sampled in Kerguelen waters. Both qualitative and quantitative FA signature analyses were then performed
to investigate their diet over longer time scales than the conventional stomach content analysis. Regarding their lipid class,
FA and FAlc compositions, the five species could be discriminated into two groups: wax-ester-rich species (Electrona antarctica, Krefftichthys anderssoni) characterised by large amounts of monounsaturated FAs (>73% of total FAs) and triacylglycerol-rich species (Electrona carlsbergi, Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Protomyctophum bolini) with major amounts of saturated and monounsaturated FAs (>29 and >46% of total FAs, respectively). Qualitative and quantitative
FA analyses showed that K. anderssoni mainly preyed upon copepods, E. antarctica upon copepods and more euphausiids and P. bolini and E. carlsbergi mainly upon euphausiids with some copepods, while G. nicholsi had a more diverse diet. This study shows the usefulness of quantitative statistical analysis to determine the diet of Antarctic
and sub-Antarctic predators and stresses the need of increasing the lipid and FA analyses of more zooplanktonic and micro-nektonic
marine species. 相似文献
152.
Peng Wang Shengqiang Zhu Mihalis Vrekoussis Guy P. Brasseur Shuxiao Wang Hongliang Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(5):65
153.
154.
Christine S. Couturier Alice Rouault David McKenzie Robert Galois Serge Robert Lucette Joassard Guy Claireaux 《Marine Biology》2007,152(4):803-814
The French Atlantic coast contains large highly productive intertidal mudflats that are colonised by juveniles of numerous
flatfish species, including the common sole (Solea solea, L.). These ecosystems are also heavily exploited by the shellfish farming industry. Intensive bivalve culture is associated
with substantial biodeposition (1–6 t-dw ha−1 day−1), which directly or indirectly contributes to increase exopolysaccharide (EPS) concentrations at the interface between water
column and seabed. EPS are long-chain molecules organised into colloids, which influence rheological properties of water,
particularly viscosity. Increased water viscosity had consequences for ventilatory activity of juvenile flatfish, whereby
the minimal pressure required to ventilate the medium increases directly with EPS concentration. Moreover, the critical EPS
concentration ([EPS]crit) at which water was no longer able to flow through the branchial basket ranged from almost nil to over 30 mg l−1, depending on species and size. [EPS]crit was lower in small individuals and individuals from species with high metabolic rates (turbot and plaice). These differences
may depend upon gill and bucco-branchial cavity morphometrics. The ventilatory workload of sole increased with viscosity to
a maximum at 2 mg EPS l−1. Viscosity might, therefore, be a limiting factor for flatfish post larvae, which colonise the intertidal mudflats, depending
upon their size and species. EPS concentrations in the field can reach 15 mg l−1. A selective effect is conceivable but remains to be estimated in the field. 相似文献
155.
The authors combine information from 2 million death certificates and 2 million observations from the Public Use Sample. With several strategies for controlling extraneous variation, the authors explore these data in order to measure the chronic effects of several air pollutants on white mortality rates. In the United States, approximately 140,000 deaths a year (Wo of all deaths) may be associated with air pollution. The size of this effect increases dramatically with age, with children displaying no detectable associations. Some pollutants, especially sulfate, are closely associated with many deaths, whereas other pollutants, especially ozone and nitrogen dioxide, have no apparent effect on expected lifetimes. 相似文献
156.
Higher-level evolution of intraspecific flock-feeding in birds 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Guy Beauchamp 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2002,51(5):480-487
157.
Rabih Sa Zorana Radovic-Hrapovi Behzad Ahvazi Sonia Thiboutot Guy Ampleman Jalal Hawari 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):808-813
The present study describes the use of two commercially available lignins, namely, alkali and organosolv lignin, for the removal of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), a chemical widely used by the military and the dye industry, from water. Sorption of DNAN on both lignins reached equilibrium within 10 hr and followed pseudo second-order kinetics with sorption being faster with alkali than with organosolv lignin, i.e. k2 10.3 and 0.3 g/(mg hr), respectively. In a separate study we investigated sorption of DNAN between 10 and 40°C and found that the removal of DNAN by organosolv lignin increased from 0.8 to 7.5 mg/g but reduced slightly from 8.5 to 7.6 mg/g in the case of alkali lignin. Sorption isotherms for either alkali or organosolv lignin best fitted Freundlich equation with enthalpy of formation, ΔH0 equaled to 14 or 80 kJ/mol. To help understand DNAN sorption mechanisms we characterized the two lignins by elemental analysis, BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption and 31P NMR. Variations in elemental compositions between the two lignins indicated that alkali lignin should have more sites (O- and S-containing functionalities) for H-bonding. The BET surface area and calculated total pore volume of alkali lignin were almost 10 times greater than that of organosolv lignin suggesting that alkali lignin should provide more sites for sorption. 31P NMR showed that organosolv lignin contains more phenolic -OH groups than alkali lignin, i.e., 70% and 45%, respectively. The variations in the type of OH groups between the two lignins might have affected the strength of H-bonding between DNAN and the type of lignin used. 相似文献
158.
Bruno Takahashi Guy Edwards J. Timmons Roberts Ran Duan 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2015,9(2):228-247
The engagement of environmental non-governmental groups in collaborative communication efforts and decision-making about climate change remains a significant challenge. In Latin America, the website Intercambio Climático was set up to attempt to play a breakthrough role in the region's discussion of climate change. This case study focuses on the development, accomplishments, and challenges of this unique online communication initiative among non-governmental organizations working in climate change issues in Latin America with a US-based partner, as a vehicle to achieve their goals. We used secondary data and in-depth interviews to examine this platform's role in disseminating information and influencing decision-making. The results suggest that generally the participants perceive the website positively, but there are also problematic aspects of the collaboration that are not fully recognized by the members, which prevents a more functional and effective communication strategy. 相似文献
159.
160.
Learning is generally predicted not to be important in host discrimination by parasitoids, because the stimuli involved are
less variable than those used in habitat location. However, Anaphes victus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) apparently learns to associate external pheromones with the presence of a conspecific in a host.
In this species, females can reject a parasitized host either after antennal drumming (antennal rejection) or after the insertion
of their ovipositor (sting rejection). When they encountered a series of parasitized hosts, females A. victus learned to associate the presence of the external pheromone with the presence of the internal one. Learning lasted less than
4 h and occurred earlier in a series when the female marking the egg and the one detecting that mark were close relatives.
This behavior could be adaptive because antennal rejection is faster than sting rejection.
Received: 11 March 1997 / Accepted after revision: 30 August 1997 相似文献