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151.
The development and regulatory acceptance of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedial strategy has forever changed the field of environmental cleanup. MNA is continuing to develop but it is challenged by a lack of a clear definition for the appropriate application of the MNA strategy. This challenge has resulted in the lack of a significant record of restoration and site closure. Environmental professionals face challenges in providing guidance that addresses how to manage these sites when technologies, performance monitoring, and even environmental conditions are subject to further development, refinement, and/or altered perspectives. As our experience and institutional knowledge grows around the implementation of MNA, we have the opportunity to develop “second‐generation” management tools and procedures for optimizing sites utilizing MNA as a part of a comprehensive site management plan. This opportunity is the focus of the Enhanced Attenuation: Chlorinated Organics (EACO) Team of the Interstate Technology Regulatory Council (ITRC). The development of the “second‐generation” tools/procedures has included defining EA and evaluating, through the use of a national survey of state regulators, the experience with MNA and interest in EA. The results of these two efforts formed the basis for developing a framework that provides a “bridge” from active treatment to MNA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
152.
Widespread use of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the U.S. has resulted in its frequent detection in soil and groundwater. TCE can become a health hazard after being processed in the human liver; or reductive dehalogenation in the environment may result in production of vinyl chloride, a known carcinogen. This has generated a high degree of interest in efficient and cost-effective technologies that can be used to remediate soil and ground-water contaminated with TCE. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss relevant physicochemical properties and reactive mechanisms of TCE, and to delineate and discuss promising remediation methodologies that have been proposed and/or demonstrated for restoring contaminated subsurface environments. The information in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. EPA under contract No. 68–C8–0058 to Dynamac Corporation; it has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review process and approved for publication. 相似文献
153.
Gérard?CoureaudEmail author Dominique?Langlois Guy?Perrier Benoist?Schaal 《Chemoecology》2003,13(4):187-192
Summary. In the rabbit, lactating females emit a volatile
compound in milk, the mammary pheromone (MP), that
triggers rooting for the nipple and its grasping in pups.
Previous studies have shown that the MP seems to act selectively,
in terms both of intensity and quality. Here, we aimed
to add new evidence to these properties of the MP. Newborn
rabbits (n=825) were submitted to an oral activation test
allowing to measure their searching/grasping responses
towards different stimuli. In Experiment 1 we assessed
whether pups respond to the MP in an intensity-dependent
manner. In Experiment 2 we assessed the activity of 20
volatiles previously identified in rabbit milk, other than the
MP, which were never systematically tested for intensitydependence.
The assays showed that a) neonatal responses
are released by the MP only for a limited range of concentrations;
b) the 20 other odorants from milk are inactive at
any concentration. Thus, the MP appears to be the single
volatile from rabbit milk that releases searching/grasping
behaviour in pups. 相似文献
154.
155.
Neil A. Powe Guy D. Garrod Paul L. Mcmahon 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2004,47(2):287-301
Water companies in England and Wales are responsible for the management of large areas of land. This land is under little pressure for development and is often free from the pollutants associated with conventional agriculture and is therefore a potentially valuable resource for biodiversity conservation. The value of this resource will only be realized if sufficient investment is made in the management of the habitats associated with these sites. This paper reports an exploratory case study based on customers of Southern Water which uses a mixture of questionnaire surveys and focus groups to investigate whether or not consumers are willing to pay higher utility bills to fund such management. In particular, it explores the public's willingness to forgo potential bill reductions in order to fund biodiversity conservation and examines how payment instruments could be designed to maximize and maintain the agreement from consumers. Results suggest that customers are willing to forgo a proportion of a potential bill reduction to pay for biodiversity schemes but are not necessarily willing to face a bill increase for the same public good benefits. Participants in the focus groups suggested that schemes could be made more acceptable to customers by ensuring that the outcomes were both visible and local and that their achievements were well publicized. Similarly, administration of the scheme through a trust fund alleviates some of the concerns of consumers while raising several new ones. 相似文献
156.
Global Warming and the Species Richness of Bats in Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
General circulation models provide predictions for global climate under scenarios of increased atmospheric CO2 . Climate change is expected to lead directly to changes in distributions of vegetation associations. Distribution of animals will also change to the extent that animals rely on vegetation for food or shelter. Bat species in Texas appear to be restricted, in part, by the availability of roosts. We used geographic information systems and the Holdridge vegetation-climate association scheme to model the effect of climate change on bat distributions and species richness in Texas. Habitat characteristics for each species were identified from the literature and included vegetation, topography, and availability of caves. We assumed caves and topography to be fixed relative to climate. Vegetation changes were predicted from the Holdridge vegetation-climate association scheme. The redistribution of bats following climate change was predicted based on the new locations of suitable habitat characteristics. Under conditions of global warming tropical forests were predicted to expand into Texas; tree-roosting bats were sensitive to this change in vegetation. Cavity-roosting bats were less affected by changes in vegetation, but, where response was predicted, ranges decline. 相似文献
157.
Optimal patch time allocation for time-limited foragers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eric Wajnberg Pierre Bernhard Frédéric Hamelin Guy Boivin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(1):1-10
The Charnov Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) predicts the optimal foraging duration of animals exploiting patches of resources.
The predictions of this model have been verified for various animal species. However, the model is based on several assumptions
that are likely too simplistic. One of these assumptions is that animals are living forever (i.e., infinite horizon). Using
a simple dynamic programming model, we tested the importance of this assumption by analysing the optimal strategy for time-limited
foragers. We found that, for time-limited foragers, optimal patch residence times should be greater than those predicted from
the classic, static MVT, and the deviation should increase when foragers are approaching the end of their life. These predictions
were verified for females of the parasitoid Anaphes victus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) exploiting egg patches of its host, the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). As predicted by the model, females indeed remained for a longer time on host patches when they
approached the end of their life. Experimental results were finally analysed with a Cox regression model to identify the patch-leaving
decision rules females used to behave according to the model’s predictions. 相似文献
158.
Yazbeck C Kloppmann W Cottier R Sahuquillo J Debotte G Huel G 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2005,27(5-6):419-427
Objective: To evaluate health impact of boron in drinking water. Methods: A regional scale geographical study in Northern France was conducted. Assessment of boron blood levels in a group of 180
healthy individuals and correlation with boron content in drinking water were followed by an assessment of health indicators
such as birth rates, mortality rates, and sex ratios in zones of different boron content in drinking water. Results: After necessary adjustments, men living in municipalities with more than 0.30 mg/L of boron in drinking water had elevated
but not significant boron blood levels compared with those living in municipalities with boron water levels of less than 0.30 mg/L
(159.1 versus 123.0 ng/g; p > 0.05). The standardized birth ratio adjusted for the reference geographic zone and calendar time period was 1.07 and 1.28
in the low and high (>0.3 mg/L) boron content municipalities, respectively. The birth rate in municipalities with high boron
content in drinking water was higher than that of the reference geographic zone and of the French general population (p < 10-4). The standardized mortality ratio adjusted for the reference geographic zone and calendar time period was 0.94 and 0.92
in the low and high boron content municipalities, respectively. The mortality rate in municipalities with high boron content
in drinking water was less than that of the reference geographic zone and of the French general population (p < 10-3). No statistical difference was noted in the male–female sex ratios between the different municipality zones (p = 0.45). Conclusions: The results of this study do not support the idea of a deleterious effect of boron on human health, at the boron water level
contents found in this specific region. In fact, there is a tendency toward a beneficial effect with low-dose environmental
exposure (less than 1 mg/L of boron) in drinking water. 相似文献
159.
Water quality at five marinas in Lake Texoma as related to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water quality in five marinas on Lake Texoma, located on the Oklahoma and Texas border, was monitored between June 1999 and November 2000. Focus was to evaluate lake water associated with marinas for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Lake water was collected at locations identified as marina entrance, gasoline filling station, and boat dock. Occurrence of MTBE showed a direct seasonal trend with recreational boating activity at marina areas. There was a positive correlation with powerboat usage ratio, which was directly related to the gallons of gasoline sold. Sampling before and after the high boat use holiday weekends determined the apparent influence of powerboat activity on MTBE contamination. Boat dock locations were the most sensitive sites to MTBE contamination, possibly due to gasoline spillage during engine startup. The most common compound of the BTEX series found with MTBE was toluene and co-occurrence was most frequent at gasoline filling stations. 相似文献
160.
Rima Slim Joelle Soulié Jan Hotmar Bertrand Lecolier Guy Bercau Alain Bernheim 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(1):23-28
A case of 45,X/46,X,+mar mosaicism was detected in a male fetus (27 weeks' gestation) referred for karyotype analysis following the observation of a short femur at the ultrasound scan. Analysis of 12 Y-chromosome loci by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that the marker chromosome is of Y origin and corresponds to an authentic isochromosome for the short arm of the Y chromosome, i(Yp). The breakpoint on this marker is in YQ11·1 close to the centromere. The present report illustrates the importance of FISH and PCR techniques as a complement to cytogenetic methods for accurate identification and characterization of chromosome rearrangements in prenatal diagnosis. 相似文献