基于人工神经元网络的滑坡稳定性预测评价

由于滑坡岩土体的结构与物理力学性质表现在宏观和微观上有着不连续性和高度的非线性等特点,其稳定性受地质因素和工程因素等综合影响,岩土体变形、演化规律的非线性和内在因素的非线性决定了滑坡是一个复杂多变的非线性系统.根据滑坡失稳的非线性特征,将人工神经元网络BP模型应用到滑坡稳定性的评价预测中,借助MATLAB的人工神经元网络工具箱,以国道G324上的86个滑坡数据为训练和预测样本对模型进行了实验和验证,结果表明,所建立的滑坡稳定性预测方法具有较高的预测精度.     

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk from North China: Implication of exposure pathways

The breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; sum of eight congeners: BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined (by high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometry) in samples from primiparous women collected in 2006 in Tianjin, China. Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were obtained by questionnaires. The median total PBDE concentration (including BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) was 2500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight, ranging from 1700 to 4500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight. These levels were in the same range as those from Europe and Japan but much lower than those from North America. The congener profile in China was also different from other countries. The contribution of BDE-28 was around 15%, much higher than any other country, implying that a different Penta-BDE formulation might be used in the Chinese market. The lower ratio of the sum of BDE-47, 99, and 100 to the sum of BDE-153 and 154 suggested that Octa-products were in more demand in China. A significant correlation was found between a woman’s PBDE concentration and the time she used electronic appliances (h/d). This implies that electronics are a potential source of PBDEs to people. Inhalation or ingestion of particulate matter (such as dust) may also be an important exposure pathway. There was no significant correlation between the PBDE concentration and the consumption of meat, fish, and milk. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of each exposure route and their health effects.     

甘肃康县棘腹蛙种群资源调查与分析

于2007年4月开始对甘肃陇南市康县分布的棘腹蛙种群数量及其栖息环境进行了为期7个月的初步调查。调查发现：从4月出蜇到8月繁殖高峰期间,种群内成体数量呈现较明显的增加,且距人类生活区越近,种群数量越小。综合调查和走访结果,可以确定棘腹蛙在该地区的种群数量已很少,且各个斑块内均为小种群;影响种群变化的主要因素是人类的活动带来直接和间接影响,如社区居民大量捕捉,农药化肥污染,冶矿企业废水、废渣污染等造成栖息生境退化或丧失;棘腹蛙的生存范围在逐渐地向远离人类活动区域的方向缩减。因此,需要加大保护力度,以确保甘肃南部的这一独特两栖类种群继续生存繁衍。     

Sensitivity of surface characteristics on the simulation of wind-blown-dust source in North America

Recently, a wind-blown-dust-emission module has been built based on a state-of-the-art wind erosion theory and evaluated in a regional air-quality model to simulate a North American dust storm episode in April 2001 (see Park, S.H., Gong, S.L., Zhao, T.L., Vet, R.J., Bouchet, V.S., Gong, W., Makar, P.A., Moran, M.D., Stroud, C., Zhang, J. 2007. Simulation of entrainment and transport of dust particles within North America in April 2001 (“Red Dust episode”). J. Geophys. Res. 112, D20209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008443). A satisfactorily detailed assessment of that module, however, was not possible because of a lack of information on some module inputs, especially soil moisture content. In this paper, the wind-blown-dust emission was evaluated for two additional dust storms using improved soil moisture inputs. The surface characteristics of the wind-blown-dust source areas in southwestern North America were also investigated, focusing on their implications for wind-blown-dust emissions. The improved soil moisture inputs enabled the sensitivity of other important surface characteristics, the soil grain size distribution and the land-cover, to dust emission to be investigated with more confidence. Simulations of the two 2003 dust storm episodes suggested that wind-blown-dust emissions from the desert areas in southwestern North America are dominated by emissions from dry playas covered with accumulated alluvial deposits whose particle size is much smaller than usual desert sands. As well, the source areas in the northwestern Texas region were indicated to be not desert but rather agricultural lands that were “activated” as a wind-blown-dust sources after harvest. This finding calls for revisions to the current wind-blown-dust-emission module, in which “desert” is designated to be the only land-cover category that can emit wind-blown dust.     

炭管膜曝气生物膜反应器SNAD脱氮研究

以包裹无纺布的微孔炭管作为膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）的膜组件,进行了短程硝化,厌氧氨氧化和反硝化耦合脱氮(SNAD)研究。实验中,控制温度34±1℃,pH 7.5～8.5, HRT 8 h,通过逐步降低膜内压力使反应器中的溶解氧由8 mg/L逐步降低到0.5 mg/L以下。实验采用亚硝酸细菌挂膜,然后接种厌氧氨氧化细菌,实现在单一反应器中同时发生短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化耦合脱氮功能。结果表明,经过180 d的连续稳定运行,氨氮去除率达到了93.4%,总氮去除率达到了92.5%,COD去除率达到97.2%, 氨氮去除负荷0.6 kg N/（m³ ·d）。适合SNAD工艺的最佳C/N比为0.2～0.6,当COD浓度过高时,会抑制厌氧氨氧化细菌,使SNAD工艺的处理效果明显下降。     

水淬渣-累托石混合吸附剂处理含Cu2+冶金废水的研究

研究了以水淬渣-累托石为吸附剂对含Cu2 的冶金废水进行处理.实验结果表明,在不调节含Cu2 冶金废水pH值的条件下,水淬渣与累托石质量比为3∶1,吸附剂用量为0.03 g/mL,作用时间为20 min,温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu2 的去除率达99.8%,对Cu2 的吸附容量为0.302 mg/g,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准.水淬渣-累托石混合吸附剂比水淬渣或累托石单一吸附剂除Cu2 效果要好.     

聚合硅酸氯化铝铁的制备及其絮凝性能

利用盐酸酸洗废液制备聚合硅酸氯化铝铁（PSAFC）,并用PSAFC处理造纸脱墨废水,考察了各种因素对絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明：在废水pH为6、PSAFC加入量为240mg／L、搅拌转速为150r／min、搅拌时间为2min,静置时间为25min的条件下,COD、浊度、色度的去除率分别为87．2％,99．2％,94．5％;PSAFC的絮凝效果明显好于市售的聚合氯化铝和聚合氯化铁.     

土壤石油类污染物强化生物修复技术研究进展

通过对石油类污染土壤的危害进行分析,指出生物修复技术是土壤石油类污染去除的重要手段。由于石油类污染物组成的复杂性及难降解性,高效降解微生物的富集、驯化,特别是基于多种生物协同共生的高效降解菌群的构建,是实现强化生物修复的重要途径。降解过程中污染物种类及理化性质、温度和pH值、电子受体、营养元素等都对污染物的降解产生较大的影响。     

Cd、Zn、菲和多效唑复合污染土壤的微生物生态毒理效应

以土壤脱氢酶、呼吸强度和微生物生物量作为生态毒理指标,通过正交实验,在室内培养条件下考察了4种不同性质的有机与无机污染物（Cd、Zn、菲和多效唑）复合污染的土壤微生物生态效应。复合投加这4种污染物能使土壤微生物活性受到不同程度的抑制,且抑制率随时间的推移而下降;3种微生物生态毒理指标之间存在着很好的相关性,但脱氢酶活性在三者中最敏感;影响土壤微生物活性的主要因子依次为：菲＞Cd＞Zn＞Zn与菲的交互作用＞Zn与多效唑的交互作用;实验表明,Zn与菲的交互作用为拮抗作用,但Zn与多效唑的复合效应机制仍不明确     

浮顶储油罐密封泄漏机理与泄漏控制

阐述了浮顶储油罐的密封结构和机理,指出浮顶密封静止蒸发损耗和储罐的收、发油损耗是密封泄漏的主要类型,罐顶空气的定向流动是导致浮项密封泄漏的最主要因素,提出了提高储罐密封系统安全性的建议.