Impact of climate fluctuations on deposition of DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane in mountain glaciers: Evidence from ice core records

How do climate fluctuations affect DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) distribution in the global scale? In this study, the interactions between climate variations and depositions of DDT and HCH in ice cores from Mt. Everest (the Tibetan Plateau), Mt. Muztagata (the eastern Pamirs) and the Rocky Mountains were investigated. All data regarding DDT/HCH deposition were obtained from the published results. Concentrations of DDT and HCH in an ice core from Mt. Everest were associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Concentrations of DDT in an ice core from Mt. Muztagata were significantly correlated with the Siberia High pattern. Concentrations of HCH in an ice core from Snow Dome of the Rocky Mountains responded to the North Atlantic Oscillation. These associations suggested that there are some linkages between climate variations and the global distribution of persistent organic pollutants.     

An efficient approach of aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium predictions by the HDMR method

In this paper, we develop a new and efficient approach for high dimensional atmospheric aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium predictions. The multi-phase and multi-component aerosol thermodynamic input–output systems are solved by the high dimensional model representation (HDMR) method combining with the moving multiple cut points. The developed approach improves the accuracy of numerical simulations for the general high dimensional input–output systems compared with the standard cut-HDMR method. It can simulate efficiently the atmospheric aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium problems in a large range of aerosol concentrations from 10^?10 to 10^?6 mol m^?3. Numerical experiments show that the approach has great computational efficiency and the CPU-time of the approach is much less than that of ISORROPIA. The method does excellent performance in predicting high dimensional aerosol thermodynamic components as well as particulate matters (PMs).     

Ensemble and bias-correction techniques for air quality model forecasts of surface O3 and PM2.5 during the TEXAQS-II experiment of 2006

Several air quality forecasting ensembles were created from seven models, running in real-time during the 2006 Texas Air Quality (TEXAQS-II) experiment. These multi-model ensembles incorporated a diverse set of meteorological models, chemical mechanisms, and emission inventories. Evaluation of individual model and ensemble forecasts of surface ozone and particulate matter (PM) was performed using data from 119 EPA AIRNow ozone sites and 38 PM sites during a 50-day period in August and September of 2006. From the original set of models, two new bias-corrected model data sets were built, either by applying a simple running mean average to the past 7 days of data or by a Kalman-Filter approach. From the original and two bias-corrected data sets, three ensembles were created by a simple averaging of the seven models. For further improvements three additional weighted model ensembles were created, where individual model weights were calculated using the singular value decomposition method. All six of the ensembles are compared to the individual models and to each other in terms of root mean square error, correlation, and contingency and probabilistic statistics. In most cases, each of the ensembles show improved skill compared to the best of the individual models. The over all best ensemble technique was found to be the combination of Kalman-Filtering and weighted averaging. PM_2.5 aerosol ensembles demonstrated significant improvement gains, mostly because the original model's skill was very low.     

模式生物大型溞在水生生态毒理实验教学中的应用

大型溞(Daphnia magna)因其个体小、繁殖快、易于培养及对污染物敏感等特点,而成为水生毒理学研究中广泛应用的模式物种.本文构建了一套以大型溞为受试动物的水生生态毒理学实验内容和方案,可用于本科生基础性、综合性实验教学.本方案以形态学观察、生理学和毒理学测试为主,也可扩展为包括分子毒理学在内的其他毒性终点的创新...     

环境污染损害评估方法初探——以某废油污染场地为例

以厦门市一废油污染场地为例,通过现场调查和监测主要污染物,从财产损失、应急处置费用、调查评估费用以及污染修复费用等方面对该污染场地所造成的环境污染损害进行了评估。该场地主要污染物为倾倒的废油和油底废物,部分污染土壤的石油类指标超标。经测算,污染面积为2 440 m2,造成的环境污染损失数额为162.25万元。     

Enhanced mixing state of black carbon with nitrate in single particles during haze periods in Zhengzhou, China

Black carbon（BC） plays an important role in air quality and climate change, which is closely associated with its mixing state and chemical compositions. In this work the mixing state of BC-containing single particles was investigated to explore the evolution process of ambient BC particles using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer（SPAMS） in March 2018 in Zhengzhou, China. The BC-containing particles accounted for 61.4% of total detected ambient single particles and were classified into f...     

正交实验选择嗜碱细菌降解木质素的最优综合培养条件

在复合碳源的碱性液体培养条件下(pH≈10.5),用正交实验法对影响嗜碱木质素降解细菌6号菌株降解木质素的7种单因素培养条件进行了优化.结果表明,第1碳源用量等单因素在不同程度上对6号菌株产生的木质素降解酶Laccase和MnP以及木质素降解率都有一定促进作用.正交实验表明,其中第1碳源用量和T-80用量是显著性的影响因素,7种单因素的最佳综合水平为:37℃静置培养10d、第1碳源(蔗糖)1g/L、氮源NH₄NO₃1.2g/L、培养基70ml/250ml锥形瓶、初始pH值10.6和第2碳源接种后第4d加入、添加0.3%的表面活性剂T-80.     

土壤重金属对白菜种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒性效应

测定了水溶液和4种土壤(红壤、草甸棕壤、暗棕壤和栗钙土)条件下,铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对白菜种子发芽与根伸长的抑制率,以及暗棕壤条件下重金属的复合污染效应.结果表明,同一浓度下,重金属对白菜根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率.重金属在土壤中对白菜根伸长抑制效应明显低于其在水体中的抑制效应, 这表明土壤对重金属污染有重要的缓冲作用.铜、锌、铅、镉污染对白菜根伸长抑制率与土壤有机质和土壤氮含量显著负相关;但与土壤pH和土壤钾含量的相关性不显著.铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对白菜根伸长为刺激作用浓度下,复合污染即产生明显的协同作用,其结果使白菜根伸长的抑制效应阈值明显降低.     

基于GM(1,1)模型的甘肃省武威市空气污染物浓度的预测及分析

目的分析并预测2011-2015年甘肃省武威市空气主要污染物的污染状况。方法运用灰色系统方法,根据武威市2006-2010年空气主要污染物的监测数据建立灰色预测模型并进行预测。结果除SO2外,NO2和PM10都呈增长趋势,2015年的预测值分别为0.027 5、0.024 1和0.199 mg/Nm3。结论通过对模型的残差及关联度进行检验,所见模型合格,预测结果可为武威市空气的污染治理及科学管理提供辅助决策依据。     

油气管道事故统计分析与安全运行对策

近40年国内外油气长输管道事故统计分析结果表明:外部影响、腐蚀、材料缺陷等是油气管道发生失效的主要原因.提出了基于我国国情的油气管道安全保障措施:建立健全法规、制定管道完整性管理计划、加强有关科研及应用等.