Mitigation and adaptation synergy in forest sector

Mitigation and adaptation are the two main strategies to address climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have been considered separately in the global negotiations as well as literature. There is a realization on the need to explore and promote synergy between mitigation and adaptation while addressing climate change. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the synergy between mitigation and adaptation by considering forest sector, which on the one hand is projected to be adversely impacted under the projected climate change scenarios and on the other provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Thus, the potential and need for incorporating adaptation strategies and practices in mitigation projects is presented with a few examples. Firstly, there is a need to ensure that mitigation programs or projects do not increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems and plantations. Secondly, several adaptation practices could be incorporated into mitigation projects to reduce vulnerability. Further, many of the mitigation projects indeed reduce vulnerability and promote adaptation, for example; forest and biodiversity conservation, protected area management and sustainable forestry. Also, many adaptation options such as urban forestry, soil and water conservation and drought resistant varieties also contribute to mitigation of climate change. Thus, there is need for research and field demonstration of synergy between mitigation and adaptation, so that the cost of addressing climate change impacts can be reduced and co-benefits increased.     

在波罗的海不同的气候条件下模拟的海面温度和热通量

本文使用由不同的全球模拟所产生的区域性耦合海洋-大气模型,通过数值模型试验探讨了波罗的海气候未来可能的物理状况.将一些情景以及近来的一些气候模拟情况作了比较,以估计气候变化.海面温度总体平均明显地增高2.9℃.平均年平均增温的水平模式主要可由冰盖的减少解释.由大气向波罗的海的热输送表现出季节性变化周期秋季热损失减少,春季热吸收增加,夏季热吸收减少.年际间海面温度的变化一般是在增加.这与北部一些中平滑的频率分布有关.全部热收支表示出海面太阳辐射在增加,而太阳辐射增加由热通量其他组成成分的变化所平衡.     

模拟消落带水华暴发行为的数值沙堆模型

以长江最大支流汉江近年来水华污染的现场资料为例,通过氮磷浓度、水温、流速和光照等实测数据构建了消落带开放水域环境体系的数值沙堆模型,描述了藻类生长及水华暴发的动力学机制;利用数值沙堆系统崩塌行为反映出的频率-尺度幂律关系作为判断消落带水域是否暴发水华以及规模大小的依据,采用有限尺度标度分析从不同侧面验证了水华暴发系统的自组织临界性,并揭示出各种拟合参数与水华暴发规模之间的定量关系.研究表明,沙堆模型如果存在良好的幂律关系,相应的消落带水域将暴发水华,且幂律指数越大,水华污染程度越严重.     

人与非洲猎豹相处的日子

我从路华汽车里小心翼翼地滑出来，带着大型摄影机以及各式各样的器材，这可不是件容易的事。