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121.
Pelgrom SM Lamers LP Lock RA Balm PH Bonga SE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,90(3):415-423
Sexually mature female tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations of waterborne Cu and/or Cd over 6 days, and subsequent body concentrations of these metals were determined in several organs. The results show that the distribution of Cu and Cd was metal and organ specific. This is demonstrated, for example, by the observation that in tilapia, Cu exposure did not result in Cu accumulation in the liver, whereas in the intestinal wall, notably high concentrations of Cu and Cd were measured in metal exposed fish. In addition to single metal exposed fish, we also determined Cu and Cd body distribution in Cu?Cd co-exposed fish. The observed interactions in metal accumulation were most pronounced in the organs of fish exposed to low, environmentally realistic, metal concentrations. 相似文献
122.
本文总结中国东南沿海高钾钙碱性—双峰式火山岩带中已勘查大中型矿床成矿环境的共性:矿床所处区域构造的部位、成岩与成矿时代、矿床与岩浆成因类型、火山构造及其基底构造控矿性、矿床与爆发角砾岩、矿床与矿化类型叠加与共生、矿化与蚀变的分带往、矿床定位深度与剥蚀深度。作者认为这八点可作为找寻与评价大(中)型矿床的地质准则。通过火山地质与矿床地质统一的研究提出本区晚中生代以火山为中心地热体系的成矿模式。并就三个方面作类比:①与现代火山地热体系成矿作用类比;②以紫金山高硫型浅成低温热液矿床与世界同类型矿床作比较;③与环太平洋其他火山岩带同类型矿床模式作类比.通过建立本区的模式与类比获得进一步找矿中值得重视的一些思路. 相似文献
123.
J. Altenburger Th. Dielacher P. Eder H. Ferner M. Fegerl J. Fresner O. Gelinek A. Kogler J. Jantschgi M. Nussbaumer B. Russegger H. Schnitzer K. Schauer B. Sebesta J. Seiler F. Sprenger H. Widenmeyer 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1994,2(3-4)
The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects. 相似文献
124.
The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwins Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwins perspective. Weismanns neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwins dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the modern synthesis is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and molecular evolution, experimental bacterial evolution, and computer simulations (in silico evolution of digital organisms). In addition, we discuss the expansion of the modern synthesis, embracing all branches of scientific disciplines. It is concluded that the basic tenets of the synthetic theory have survived, but in modified form. These sub-theories require continued elaboration, particularly in light of molecular biology, to answer open-ended questions concerning the mechanisms of evolution in all five kingdoms of life.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. hc mult. Ernst Mayr on the occasion of his 100th birthdayThis revised version was published online in March 2004, with corrections to the caption of Figure 6. 相似文献
125.
Mendel Z Dunkelblum E Branco M Franco JC Kurosawa S Mori K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2003,90(7):313-317
The biological activity of the Matsucoccus spp. sex pheromones and diene modified analogs has been tested in forests of Israel and Portugal in order to explore the structure-activity relationship of the pine bast scale pheromone/kairomone system. The response of the adult predatory bugs, Elatophilus hebraicus and E. crassicornis and of the brown lacewing, Hemerobius stigma is more selective than that of the conspecific Matsucoccus males. The removal of the terminal methyl group from the diene terminus of both pheromones 1 and 2 eliminates all kairomonal activity but retains moderate pheromonal activity. Addition of a methyl group to the diene terminus of pheromones 1 and 2 sustains full pheromonal and kairomonal activities of the Elatophilus spp. but eliminates entirely the kairomonal activity of H. stigma. Subtle designed alterations in the structure of the diene group, typical of all Matsucoccus pheromones, change the mode of the kairomonal activity markedly. 相似文献
126.
The Science of Nature - 相似文献
127.
128.
Recent drinking water regulations have lowered the disinfection by-product standards as well as added new disinfection by-products for regulation. Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a major role in the formation of undesirable organic by-products following disinfection/oxidation of drinking water. It is suspected that most precursors to disinfection by-products are humic, although nonhumic substances are also suspected of contributing to these by-products. Many of the disinfection by-products have adverse health effects in humans (i.e., carcinogenic or mutagenic effects). The primary chlorinated disinfection by-products of concern include trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and haloacetonitrile. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study humic and fulvic acids. The two fractions of humic substances, humic and fulvic acids, were characterized by a double-peak phenomena in an overlapping fluorescing region. Disinfection by-product formation potentials of humic and fulvic acids have been correlated with total organic carbon, UV absorbance at 254 nm, specific absorbance and fluorescence. River humic and fulvic acid was found to have the highest reactivity to disinfection by-product formation as compared to soil and peat humic and fulvic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy has shown to be a rapid and predictive tool for disinfection by-products formation potential of humic and fulvic acids. 相似文献
129.
E. Lamla F. Boschke G. Traving G. Pfotzer H. Wolter W. Walcher H. D. Dahmen H. J. Queisser W. W. Klingbeil K. Beyermann O. Müller R. R. Ernst D. Reinen H. Muth W. Becker G. Wunsch G. I. Distler L. Jaenicke H. G. v. Schnering H. Werner F. Reiff H. Schimassek W. Höll H. K. Vasil W. F. Angermeier W. Ruppel J. C. Eccles G. Spiteller H. Oettel W. Vogell P. Brosche K. J. Hsü H. -U. Schmincke 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1975,62(3):143-143
130.
The Science of Nature - 相似文献