中国21世纪城市供水新概念--分质供水

结合我国城市一直使用的统一给水方式已与当前水资源紧缺,用水多样化,人们饮用水质质化的状况极不适应的情况,提出对传统的给水方式进行改革的最适宜方式是分质供水。     

空气和废气监测中H2S标液的选择

有2种不同方法制备的H2S标准溶液进行测定,结果表明,所得标准曲线斜率一致,因此,在实际工作中可对其灵活运用。     

北京蟹岛集团发展循环经济调查

通过对民营企业北京蟹岛集团的实地调查,对其以“低消耗、低排放、低污染、高效益”为经营方针,以“生态、环保、可持续”为经营理念,成功实现“资源－消费－再利用”的循环经济增长模式进行详细介绍。并通过蟹岛集团自身的发展证明：循环经济不仅可以改变传统“资源－效益—废弃物”的线性增长模式,还可以促进企业的发展,为企业带来可观的经济效益。     

辐射安全联锁系统的探索与实践

针对工业和医用放射性同位素与射线装置发生放射性污染的安全隐患,采用PLC控制技术,设计一套联锁系统,有效地保护操作人员和公众,避免因为人为失误或设备故障造成放射性污染事故。     

单切口坝对稀性泥石流的拦砂性能——试验研究与比较分析

通过室内水槽试验,探讨了单切口坝对稀性泥石流的拦砂性能,并与梳子坝的试验结果进行了比较分析。初步得到：（1）单切口坝有全闭塞、部分闭塞和不闭塞3种闭塞类型。当切口宽度b与稀性泥石流中最大颗粒粒径dmax之比b／dmax≤0．394时,切口全闭塞;b／dmax≥1．478时,切口不闭塞;0．394〈b／dmax〈1．478时,切口为部分闭塞。（2）单切口坝在降低过坝泥石流密度变化量上,与梳子坝有相似规律。对单切口坝而言,b／dmax在0．394～0．739之间,过坝泥石流密度变化量随b／dmax增大而增大,在b／dmax=0．739时,过坝泥石流密度变化量达到最大,其后随着b／dmax的进一步增大,过坝泥石流密度变化量逐渐减小;在0．493≤b／dmax≤0．986之间,单切口坝降低过坝泥石流密度变化量较显著。（3）在相同的试验条件下,以过坝泥石流平均密度及其降低率为防治泥石流的效益指标,显示梳子坝与单切口坝的坝后平均密度的比值大多小于1,表明在相同的试验条件下梳子坝对稀性泥石流的防治效果较好。     

Environmental Factors and Risk Areas of West Nile Virus in Southern California, 2007–2009

The West Nile virus (WNV) may post a significant health risk for mammals, including humans and insects. This study examines the spatial–temporal effects of environmental factors on WNV dissemination with a case study of ten counties in the southern California, where the epidemic was recently most prevalent within the USA. WNV surveillance data were obtained from the California Vectorborne Disease Surveillance System and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were combined to derive environmental variables. Principal component analysis was performed to select the most relevant environmental variables. Two ecological zones were identified based on the selected variables. Identification of risk areas for WNV was limited to a zone with 95% mosquitoes surveillance records. Three time windows, the epidemiological weeks?18–26, 27–35, and 36–44 in each year of 2007–2009, were examined in details with risk area mapping. It is found that the southern part of San Joaquin Valley in Kern County and Los Angeles County (especially its southern part) were the most vulnerable locations for WNV outbreak. Main factors contributing to the WNV propagation included summer mean temperature, annual mean deviation from the mean temperature, land surface temperature, elevation, landscape complexity, landscape diversity, and vegetation water content. The result of this study improves understanding of WNV ecology and provides tools for detecting, tracking, and predicting the epidemic. The holistic approach developed for this study, which integrated remotely sensed, GIS-based, and in situ-measured environmental data with landscape metrics, may be applied to studies of other vector-borne diseases.     

Annual Nutritional Organ Mass Cycle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo gargarizans</Emphasis> (Cantor, 1842) in Response to Extreme High Temperature

The annual relative mass of storage organs cycle of Bufo gargarizans in southwestern China was studied from December 2005 to November 2006. We described how those organs changed in response to extreme temperatures. Energy reservation dropped to the lowest levels after dormancy for both sexes, and then increased for period of 4.25 month. However, the mass of these organs dropped again rapidly until August (liver) and September (fat bodies) due to the constraint from extreme high temperature occurred during the summer, and then non-significantly increased before hibernation. For ovaries, varied with a different profile to those of liver and fat bodies have a resting period of four months. In addition, the toads’ ovaries kept growing when the mass of liver and fat bodies declining accordingly during hibernation. Therefore, ovarian mass increased during the hibernation and non-hibernation period.     

Performance evaluation of circulating fluidized bed incineration of municipal solid waste by multivariate outlier detection in China

This first nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2014-2015 in China. Total 23 CFB incineration power plants were evaluated. The data for monthly average flue gas emission of particles, CO, NO _x , SO₂ and HCl were collected over 12 consecutive months. The data were analyzed to assess the overall performance of CFB incineration by applying the Mahalanobis distance as a multivariate outlier detection method. Although the flue gas emission parameters had met the Chinese national emission standards, there were 11 total outliers (abnormal behavior) detected in 6 out of 23 CFB incineration power plants from the perspective of the MSWincineration performance. The results demonstrate that it is more important for a better performance of CFBs to reduce the frequencies of the MSW load changes, rather than the magnitudes of the MSW load changes, particularly reducing the frequencies in the range of 10% and more of the load changes, under the same and stable conditions. Furthermore, the overloading occurs more often than the underloading during the operation of the CFB incineration power plants in China. The frequent overloading is 0% to 30% of the designed capacity. To achieve the stable performance of CFBs in practice, an appropriately designed MSW storage capacity is suggested to build in a plant to buffer and reduce the frequency of the load changes.

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Factors influencing adsorption and desorption of trimethoprim on marine sediments: mechanisms and kinetics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption-desorption behavior of ionic antibiotics in natural aquatic environment is complex, especially in coastal or estuary area where influencing...