特种服装特殊性的研究

本文通过对特种服装的广泛调查,总结、归纳出它们与一般服装的不同之处,也即它们的特殊性.本文对这些特殊性进行了详细地分析研究,并深入地研究出这些特殊性之间的内部联系,对特种服装的生产、管理、开发乃至应用有指导性的作用.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的分布规律及化学形态分析

研究了重庆市垃圾焚烧发电厂焚烧飞灰的粒径分布,分析了焚烧飞灰中重金属的含量、浸出特性和形态分布特征,讨论了不同粒径飞灰中重金属的分布特性.结果表明,大部分飞灰粒径集中在38～250 μm,其中粒径为38～100μm飞灰占总量的49.49%.飞灰浸出液中Pb和Zn的浓度均超出了<危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准>(GB5085.3-2007),因此该焚烧飞灰被认定为危险废物.在＜250μm粒径范围内,Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn和Pb普遍表现出向小颗粒富集的趋势;Zn的粒径分布则与上述5种元素表现出相反的趋势;Ni的分布与粒径的相关性不大,在各粒径上的分布较均匀.除Ni元素外,用BCR法分析所得的其他6种重金属形态分析结果和总量测定的结果基本吻合.飞灰中Cr、Ni、Zn和Mn主要以稳定态存在,而Cd、Pb和Cu则主要以不稳定态存在.     

简易生活垃圾填埋场填埋气体横向迁移安全控制范围

以重庆市兴隆垃圾填埋场为例,在垃圾场东南侧布设17口监测井,对监测井中填埋气进行监测分析.根据填埋气主要组分CH4和H2S体积分数的变化,研究相似地质条件下垃圾填埋场填埋气的横向迁移现状及影响区域,确定安全控制范围.结果表明,对填埋气体主要在第四系松散堆积层空隙介质中迁移的简易填埋场,填埋气的横向迁移现主要集中在场界外50 m区域内,监测井中CH4体积分数最高达66.42%,H2S最高达10-5;填埋场场界50 m以外区域中填埋气的横向迁移非常微弱.因此,在距填埋场场界50 m处采取控制措施可有效控制填埋气的横向迁移.     

胎牛血清乙酰胆碱酯酶的酶学性质研究

为研究胎牛血清中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的酶学特性,分别采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100和DEAE-纤维素DE23柱层析方法,从胎牛血清中分离纯化出乙酰胆碱酯酶.结果表明,以碘化硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCI)为底物时,酶促反应的最适温度为37 ℃,最适pH值为8.0,米氏常数Km为7.48 mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax为0.098 mol/min.研究表明,Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Fe2+等金属离子对胆碱酯酶具有不同程度的激活作用,而Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+对胆碱酯酶活性具有不同程度的抑制作用;分离出的乙酰胆碱酯酶对乐果和敌敌畏的敏感性最强.     

新型木材产销模式下的安全生产管理探讨

安全生产是构建和谐社会的基础和前提,是可持续发展的基本保障。随着市场经济的不断发展,国有林场的进一步深化改革,三明市国有林场探索总结出了“定产定销”的新型木材产销模式,林业生产经营和生产用工状况发生了很大的变化。探讨了在新型木材生产销售模式下如何进行安全生产管理的问题。     

空气幕的不同送风角度对深埋地铁火灾烟气控制数值分析

采用火灾动力学FDS软件对深埋地铁站台中部7.5MW火灾进行了模拟,通过改变楼梯121、扶梯口处空气幕的送风角度,分析深埋地铁火灾中,火源附近、楼梯口、扶梯口附近的温度场和速度场的分布规律,为保证人员在6分钟以上的安全疏散时间提供理论依据.结果表明,不同位置的扶梯、楼梯口处空气幕的送风角度对烟气的控制效果是不同的,60°送风效果较好.在站台发生火灾时,应智能控制空气幕的送风角度,可以有效的控制火灾烟气蔓延.     

Spatial variability of organochlorine pesticides （DDTs and HCHs） in surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing, China

The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-isomers) and total DDTs (i ncluding p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT) in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13,respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade (50 μg/kg) permitted in "Environment quality standard for soils in China (GB15618-1995)". This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS (513).Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs,DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.     

Effects of seed aerosols on the growth of secondary organic aerosols from the photooxidation of toluene

Hydroxyl radical （.OH）-initiated photooxidation reaction of toluene was carried out in a self-made smog chamber. Four individual seed aerosols such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, were introduced into the chamber to assess their influence on the growth of secondary organic aerosols （SOA）. It was found that the low concentration of seed aerosols might lead to high concentration of SOA particles. Seed aerosols would promote rates of SOA formation at the start of the reaction and inhibit its formation rate with prolonging the reaction time. In the case of ca. 9000 pt/cm^3 seed aerosol load, the addition of sodium silicate induced a same effect on the SOA formation as ammonium nitrate. The influence of the four individual seed aerosols on the generation of SOA decreased in the order of calcium chloride〉sodium silicate and ammonium nitrate〉ammonium sulfate.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of cadmium adsorption onto oxidized granular activated carbon

Cadmium sorption behavior of granular activated carbon oxidized with nitric acid was systematically studied by sets of the equilibrium and time-based experiments under various conditions.The cadmium adsorption capacity of oxidized granular activated carbon enlarged with an increase in pH,and reduced with an increase in ionic strength.Experimental data were evaluated to find out kinetic characteristics.Adsorption processes were found to follow pseudo-second order rate equation.Adsorption isotherms correlate well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum sorption capacity of cadmium evaluated is 51.02μmol/g.Thermodynamic parameters were calculated based on Van't Hoff equation.Equilibrium constant Kd was evaluated from Freundlich isotherm model constants,Langmnir isotherm model constants,and isotherms,respectively.The average change of standard adsorption heatΔH~0 was -25.29 kJ/mol.NegativeΔH~0 andΔG~0 values indicate the adsorption process for cadmium onto the studied activated carbon is exothermic and spontaneous.The standard entropyΔS~0 was also negative,which suggests a decrease in the freedom of the system.     

长江中下游湖泊保护和管理的若干建议

长江中下游地区是我国面向21世纪的经济重地,长江是我国唯一具有全国意义的战略水源地,是我国水资源供需平衡的最后防线。然而在自然演化宏观背景下,流域经济的高速发展,大规模开发利用等人类活动的强烈影响,引发了一系列负面环境效应。湖泊湿地生态环境被破坏问题严重,突出表现在生态调节和自我恢复功能大幅度降低,并已造成了严重的生态后果,危及长江水系的生态平衡,影响了区域经济的可持续发展。在大量野外考察和调查基础上,针对长江中下游湖泊湿地当前的生态环境状况及存在的问题,提出了若干对策和建议。