废布料活性炭吸附典型染料动力学研究

研究了废布料活性炭从水溶液中吸附2种典型染料(酸性蓝62和活性艳蓝KN-R)的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,废布料活性炭对2种染料的平衡吸附量(qc)均随着初始浓度的增加而升高,相同条件下,qc的大小顺序为酸性蓝62＞活性艳蓝KN-R.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,对于酸性蓝62,粒子内扩散过程是该吸...     

Formation of persistent chlorinated aromatic compounds in simulated and real fly ash from iron ore sintering

Effects of carbon concentration and Cu additive in simulated fly ash (SFA) and real fly ash (RFA) on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), chlorobenzenes, and polychlorinated biphenyls which were all regarded as persistent chlorinated aromatics in iron ore sintering were investigated. In the annealing process of SFA with various carbon contents, the yield of chlorinated aromatics and the I-TEQ obtained their maximum at 10 wt% carbon content. Active carbon in SFA acted as the carbon source as well as an adsorbent which led to higher production of PCDD/F in solid phase at 10 wt% carbon content. The increase of carbon content will be beneficial on the formation of 2,3,7,8-Chloro-substituted PCDF compared with 2,3,7,8-Chloro-substituted PCDD. In addition, the CuCl₂·2H₂O was a much more powerful catalyst in the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds compared with elementary Cu, since it served as both a catalyst and a chlorine donor. However, the RFA behaved similarly with SFA with elementary Cu in the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. The effect of carbon content and copper additives on formation of 2,3,7,8-chloro-substituted congeners displayed similar characteristics with the tetra- to octa-PCDD/F isomers and even the total PCDD/Fs.     

广州市建筑垃圾资源化的必要性分析

摘要：随着广州市城市化进程的不断加快,城市建筑垃圾的排出量也在快速增长,如何应对和处理建筑垃圾所带来的“垃圾围城”困境,已经成为人们不得不面对的重要问题,推进建筑垃圾资源化是开展建筑垃圾综合治理的有效途径。论述了建筑垃圾资源化再生利用的必要性、紧迫性,指出了广州市建筑垃圾资源化过程中存在的问题,为推进广州市建筑垃圾综合处理实践提供了参考。     

北京市建筑废弃物资源化利用研究与项目示范

针对北京市建筑废弃物产量大、资源化利用率低的问题,分析了北京市建筑废弃物的来源、产量、组分及处理现状,阐述了建筑废弃物资源化利用途径和资源化利用工艺,介绍了朝阳区建筑废弃物资源化示范项目建设情况,给出了北京市建筑废弃物资源化利用设施建设合理建议。     

Phosphine in paddy fields and the effects of environmental factors

Ambient levels of phosphine (PH₃) in the air, phosphine emission fluxes from paddy fields and rice plants, and the distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) in paddy soils were investigated throughout the growing stages of rice. The relationships between MBP and environmental factors were analyzed to identify the principal factors determining the distribution of MBP. The phosphine ambient levels ranged from 2.368 ± 0.6060 ng m⁻³ to 24.83 ± 6.529 ng m⁻³ and averaged 14.25 ± 4.547 ng m⁻³. The highest phosphine emission flux was 22.54 ± 3.897 ng (m² h)⁻¹, the lowest flux was 7.64 ± 4.83 ng (m² h)⁻¹, and the average flux was 14.17 ± 4.977 ng (m² h)⁻¹. Rice plants transport a significant portion of the phosphine emitted from the paddy fields. The highest contribution rate of rice plants to the phosphine emission fluxes reached 73.73% and the average contribution was 43.00%. The average MBP content of 111.6 ng kg⁻¹fluctuated significantly in different stages of rice growth and initially increased then decreased with increasing depth. The peak MBP content in each growth stage occurred approximately 10 cm under the surface of paddy soils. Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that soil temperature (Ts), acid phosphatase (ACP) and total phosphorus (TP) were the principal environmental factors, with correlative rankings of Ts > ACP > TP.     

采用数值风洞模型对热电厂烟塔合一大气污染扩散的研究

随着城市的快速建设,城市建筑的高度和体量不断增加,同时大气污染源的排放方式和排放状态也与从前发生了很大的变化,特别是热电厂采用烟塔合一排放方式的出现,对常规应用的稳态远距离以统计学为基础理论的高斯大气预测方法提出了挑战。目前国内外广泛使用的大气污染物预测模式——德国模式在烟塔合一排放方式的预测上存在着许多关键性问题,如大风下洗条件下,冷却塔附近空腔区的大小和范围、空腔区污染物最高地面浓度等无法给出准确的预测结果。为准确预测烟塔合一排放方式的大气污染物扩散情况,采用一种新的大气污染物扩散的预测模式——数值风洞模型进行模拟预测研究,预测结果表明,在烟塔合一排放方式下,大气污染物最高地面浓度随风速增加而增加,同时在冷却塔下风向存在负压区,污染物在该区域高浓度聚集。且在夏季6.0m/s风速下,冷却塔下风向最高地面浓度出现峰值,属于最不利的气象条件。数值风洞模型可利用图形化手段实现对空腔区产生、变化、破碎至再生成的全过程描述,从而建立了一种大气污染预测的重要手段。     

喷淋与机械排烟作用下小室火灾特性的实验研究

采用全尺寸实验对水喷淋和机械排烟作用下的小室火灾特性展开了研究,揭示了小室内烟气温度、CO浓度的变化规律.结果表明,对于一定规模的火灾,存在水喷淋压力和风机风量的临界组合,来对水喷淋和机械排烟共同作用时的控火和灭火两种效果进行转换.水喷淋的作用可以有效降低小室内烟气温度,抑制轰燃发生,但是也会产生大量的烟水混合气.灭火时,小室内的烟气温度是持续下降;而控火时,小室内的烟气温度会平稳一段时间,再慢慢下降.CO浓度在水喷淋作用后会急剧增加,控火时存在两个峰值,灭火时只有一个峰值.水喷淋的压力是其中关键的参数,而风机风量只是一个次要的参数,两种系统的作用效果相反.控火时,CO生成量随着水喷淋压力的增加而增加,随着风机风量的增加而降低.这些都为大空间内小室水喷淋系统和机械排烟系统的设计提供了基础的实验依据.     

环境监测市场化管理工作思考

阐述了我国及其他国家环境监测市场管理的经验,以及我国在推进环境监测市场化管理方面的探索;指出了目前环境监测市场化管理中存在的问题,提出,应加快建立适合国情的监测总体格局;建立完善环境监测社会化监管制度体系;充分发挥行业协会在监管中的作用;强化对社会监测机构监管力度;提高社会环境监测机构能力。     

供电线路不当投切的事故分析

通过3个事故实例说明了供电线路操作、运行方式不当所引发的电力运行和设备事故,分析了事故产生的原因。指出了避免同类事故的运行方法和操作方式的要点以及相关的技术措施。     

化学沉淀组合电催化氧化处理脱硫废液技术研究

真空碳酸钾脱硫工艺碱洗段废液因含有高浓度硫化物、COD等有毒成分而影响焦化废水后续生物处理。以焦化企业实际碱洗段废液为研究对象,选用化学沉淀和电催化氧化的组合方式对其进行预处理。结果表明,室温下当氧化铜的投加量为65 g/L、反应时间60 min时废液中S2-去除率可达93%,且经过高温灼烧可实现Cu O沉淀剂的再生使用。沉淀后出水经电催化氧化处理,在电流10 A、电压4.9 V、电解时间120 min的条件下,出水COD可降至2 400 mg/L,满足常规生化系统进水的要求。