Stable isotope on the evaluation of water quality in the presence of WWTPs in rivers

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We investigated the distribution of nitrogen compounds in Han River as well as two tributaries of Tancheon and Jungrangcheon. Particularly, we...     

基于效果-效率-适应性的养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式评价框架构建及初步应用

由于产业发展正处于转型阶段,我国畜禽养殖污染治理中的管理问题比技术问题更加突出,选择适宜的组织管理模式尤其重要。融合了效果分析、效率评价和适应性分析,尝试构建一个养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式综合评价框架,并选择太湖流域4个不同类型的典型案例进行方法例证。研究表明,传统的养殖企业主导型管理模式应用于小型、分散养殖废弃物资源化利用时面临着经济效率低、适应性差难题;农村废弃物处理中心、种植企业和有机肥企业的参与可以改善小型、分散养殖废弃物资源化利用的经济效率;综合考虑效果、效率与适应性,种植企业、有机肥企业主导型模式的适宜推广范围更广。应根据不同地区种植-养殖产业关系、污染治理需求、经济发展水平与政府投入能力等,灵活组合应用不同管理模式。     

Measurement of the vertical profile of atmospheric SO2 during the heating period in Beijing on days of high air pollution

This paper reports altitude-resolved concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter up to 10 microns in diameter (PM₁₀) in the planetary boundary layer of major urban centers during extreme pollution episodes. The concentration of SO₂ was observed continuously from November 24, 2004, to December 4, 2004, in Beijing during the heating period. Fluorescence SO₂ analyzers were used to measure the atmospheric SO₂ concentrations. Four SO₂ analyzers were placed at 4 different levels (8 m, 47 m, 120 m, and 280 m) of the 325-m high meteorological observation tower of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. A maximal SO₂ concentration of 172.3 ppb was measured during this pollution episode, and SO₂ concentration increased with altitude and reached its maximal value at ～50 m. The study also analyzed the meteorological situation before, during, and after the pollution episode.     

Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on speciation and bioavailability of arsenite

In this study, the influence of the co-existence of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the speciation of arsenite [As(III)] was studied by observing its adsorption and valence changing. Moreover, the influence of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the bioavailability of As(III) was examined by bioaccumulation test using carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that TiO₂ nanoparticles have a significant adsorption capacity for As (III). Equilibrium was established within 30 min, with about 30% of the initial As (III) being adsorbed onto TiO₂ nanoparticles. Most of aqueous As (III) was oxidized to As(V) in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles under sunlight. The carp accumulated considerably more As in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles than in the absence of TiO₂ nanoparticles, and after 25-day exposure, As concentration in carp increased by 44%. Accumulation of As in viscera, gills and muscle of the carp was significantly enhanced by the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles.     

我国城乡环保一体化的制度建构:理念、原则与路径

近年来,我国"城市环境趋向好转,农村环境不断恶化"这种城乡环境二元趋势的凸现,提出了城乡环保一体化的客观要求."城市中心主义"环境法制以及我国农民实质自由的严重匮乏是我国产生城乡环境二元趋势的根本原因.一些地方所采取的仅仅局限于环保领域的城乡环保一体化措施,并不能从根本上扭转城乡环境二元趋势.城乡环保一体化实践需要以更为全面的制度建构为基础.城乡环保一体化的制度建构应树立理性、人本、自由等基本理念,应坚持整体推进、科学建构、多元参与等基本原则.城乡环保一体化的制度建构路径,首先是消除对农民的各种制度性歧视,实现城乡居民的权利平等;其次,在推动地方民主与法治建设,推进司法体制改革、建立司法审查制度的基础上,健全与完善农民权利实现的保障机制,保证农民的各项权利最终成为"可实际行使"的权利.最后,还要建立适应农村环境保护要求的环境法制.     

Agricultural Structure in Western China by Comparing with before and after CFFG Based on Shift-share Method

Based on shift-share method, this article employs re- gional share, structural shift and competitive shift to analyze the structural benefit and competitive position of agricultural structure in western China by comparing with agriculture, foresting, stockbreeding and fishing before and after Conversion of Farmland to Forest and Grassland （CFFG）. Then authors draw following conclusion： while CFFG program has been put in practice, the agricultural structure in western China has some typical characteristics, such as growth faster, structural predominance obvious and more competitive. But the contributiveness from the competition is not too much yet, and the structural benefit of forest estate and stockbreeding are restrained.     

China-Indian Silk Trade： Current Production and Future Prospects

As an important traditional labor-intensive industry of both India and China, the cocoon silk industry has long made great contributions to the ecological environment protection, rural economic development and the increase in export income of both countries. India is not only a very important cocoon silk trading partner, but an important production competitor of China. In recent years, there has been a large increase in the production and trade of the cocoon silk between China and India; however, China relies heavily on Indian market, which leads to a tendency of further deterioration in the silk trade environment between both countries. The present article makes an empirical study of the cocoon silk resources of the two countries and the scale, product mix and market structure of China-Indian silk trade from 2001 to 2007. Overall silk trading volumes from China to India and market concentration rate are on the increase because of the superiority of Chinese cocoon silk production over that of India. Owing to scattered market share and export that mainly focused on raw materials product, there has been a phenomenon of price reduction and quantity increase. India carries out fierce competition with China in the international market and even imposes antidumping sanction on Chinese silk, which are key factors restricting further increase between China-India trade. Based on the abovementioned facts, the authors aim to put forward suggestions for steadily developing the production and trade of China＇s silk.     

磁强化臭氧氧化生化处理二级出水的试验研究

在外加磁场作用下,采用臭氧氧化对青岛某污水处理厂生化处理二级出水进行了处理.考察了臭氧投加量、反应时间、磁场强度对处理效果的影响.经过多次试验得到的最佳运行参数为:臭氧投加量3.5 mg/L;反应时间10 min;磁场强度3 000Gs.外加磁场提高了臭氧氧化的效率,缩短了反应时间.     

新型TCAS吸附树脂对水中Cd2+的吸附去除研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究一种由超分子受体化合物磺化硫杂杯芳烃（TCAS）与树脂结合的产物——新型TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd²⁺的吸附去除性能,并初步探讨了吸附机理。试验研究结果表明,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附量为14.45 mg/g。当温度为20℃,0.5 g TCAS吸附树脂对10 mL浓度为5 mg/L的Cd²⁺溶液吸附60 min时, Cd²⁺的去除率可达到99%以上。pH值是影响TCAS吸附树脂吸附效果的重要因素,在pH=5～9时,Cd²⁺的去除率随着pH值的升高而增大。在试验范围内,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd²⁺吸附符合Freundlich方程。吸附在TCAS吸附树脂上的Cd²⁺可洗脱回收,TCAS吸附树脂也可再生利用。 TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd²⁺的吸附机理主要归因于TCAS对Cd²⁺的络合作用。     

无银催化-分光光度法测定COD的研究

以XS-LP为催化剂,探讨了改进的无银催化HACH法测定污水中COD的系列条件实验。结果表明:在药剂A,B的投配比为1∶2,投加总量为12 g/L的条件下,其准确度、精密度与国标法有较好的可比性,分别小于10%和3%;对实际废水的测量结果与国标回流法的相关系数分别高达0.9951和0.9874,可满足一般环境检测技术规范要求。