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321.
Zhonggen Li Xinbin Feng Xiangyang Bi Guanghui Li Yan Lin Guangyi Sun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4149-4162
The horizontal and vertical distribution patterns and contamination status of ten trace metal/metalloids (Ag, Bi, Co, Cr, Ge, In, Ni, Sb, Sn, Tl) in soils around one of the largest Chinese Pb–Zn smelter in Zhuzhou City, Central China, were revealed. Different soil samples were collected from 11 areas, including ten agricultural areas and one city park area, with a total of 83 surface soil samples and six soil cores obtained. Trace metal/metalloids were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry after digestion by an acid mixture of HF and HNO3. The results showed that Ag, Bi, In, Sb, Sn, and Tl contents decreased both with the distance to the Pb–Zn smelter as well as the soil depth, hinting that these elements were mainly originated from the Pb–Zn smelting operations and were introduced into soils through atmospheric deposition. Soil Ge was influenced by the smelter at a less extent, while the distributions of Co, Cr, and Ni were roughly even among most sampling sites and soil depths, suggesting that they were primarily derived from natural sources. The contamination status, as revealed by the geo-accumulation index (I geo), indicated that In and Ag were the most enriched elements, followed by Sb, Bi, and Sn. In general, Cr, Tl, Co, Ni, and Ge were of an uncontaminated status. 相似文献
322.
Yunqing Pi Jinglan Feng Jingyu Sun Mengke Song Jianhui Sun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3031-3040
Oxidative degradation of ofloxacin (OFX) by sulfate free radicals (SO4 ??) in the UV/Oxone/Co2+oxidation process was investigated for the first time, with a special focus upon identifying the transformation products as well as understanding the reaction pathways. Thirteen main compounds were identified after the initial transformation of OFX; the detailed structural information of which were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry and MS fragmentation analysis. The degradation pathways mainly encompassed ring openings at both the piperazinyl substituent and the quinolone moiety, indicating that the usage of SO4 ?? aided the oxidative degradation of OFX to undergo more facile routes compared to those in previous reports by using OH?/h+ as the oxidant, where the initial transformation attacks were mainly confined to the piperazine moiety. Moreover, in this study, smart control over the pH conditions of the oxidation system via different modes of Oxone dosage resulted in the selective degradation of the functional sites of OFX molecule, where it was shown that the SO4 ??-driven destruction of the quinolone moiety of OFX molecule favored the neutral pH conditions. This would be beneficial for the reduction of bacterial resistance against quinolones in the aqueous environment. 相似文献
323.
Rui Wan Yuyin Yang Weimin Sun Zhao Wang Shuguang Xie 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3175-3181
The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen sources on simazine biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. strain SD1 and the community structures of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in non-agricultural soil. Soil microcosms with different treatments were constructed for herbicide biodegradation test. The relative abundance of the strain SD1 and the structures of AOA and AOB communities were assessed using quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), respectively. The co-existence of two inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonia and nitrate) had certain impact on simazine dissipation by the strain SD1. Bioaugmentation could induce a shift in the community structures of both AOA and AOB, but AOA were more responsive. Nitrogen application had significant impacts on AOA and AOB communities in bioaugmented soils. Moreover, in non-bioaugmented soil, the community structure of AOA, instead of AOB, could be quickly recovered after herbicide application. This study could add some new insights towards the impacts of nitrogen sources on s-triazine bioremediation and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in soil ecosystem. 相似文献
324.
Xi-Kui Wang Xia-Jie Jiang Yi-Nan Wang Jing Sun Chen Wang Ting-Ting Shen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(11):7065-7074
Occurrence, distribution, spatial and seasonal variations, and partitioning between aqueous phase and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) in Xiaoqing River, which receives wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, were studied. The distribution of the total TCC and TCS levels in surface water and sediments along the river were discussed. The highest TCC and TCS concentrations were both found near the discharge port of WWTPs, and the TCC and TCS levels decreased downstream of the WWTPs as a result of their distances from the source of WWTP discharges. The mean values of TCC and TCS in low-flow season were 1.62 and 1.80 times, respectively, as much as in high-flow season in surface water. The study on partitioning of TCC and TCS between aqueous phase and SPM shown the mean level of dissolved TCC accounted for about 10 % of the total level in surface water, whereas the TCS level was about 30 %. The TCC concentrations detected in the surface sediment samples (0 to 5 cm) ranged from 226 to 1,956 ng/g, with a mean value of 733 ng/g. The TCS levels were between 85 and 705 ng/g, with a mean value of 255 ng/g. The distribution and variations of TCC and TCS in sediments along the river were highly consistent with those in the water phase. The TCC and TCS levels in deep sediments (5 to 10 cm) were significantly lower than those in surface sediments. The mean TCC level in surface sediments was about 2.4 times as much as in deep sediments, and the TCS level in surface sediments was 3.1 times as much as in deep sediments. 相似文献
325.
Ming Zhao Peng-Fei Sun Lin-Na Du Guan Wang Xiao-Ming Jia Yu-Hua Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6136-6145
Azo dyes are recalcitrant and refractory pollutants that constitute a significant menace to the environment. The present study is focused on exploring the capability of Bacillus sp. strain UN2 for application in methyl red (MR) degradation. Effects of physicochemical parameters (pH of medium, temperature, initial concentration of dye, and composition of the medium) were studied in detail. The suitable pH and temperature range for MR degradation by strain UN2 were respectively 7.0–9.0 and 30–40 °C, and the optimal pH value and temperature were respectively 8.0 and 35 °C. Mg2+ and Mn2+ (1 mM) were found to significantly accelerate the MR removal rate, while the enhancement by either Fe3+ or Fe2+ was slight. Under the optimal degradation conditions, strain UN2 exhibited greater than 98 % degradation of the toxic azo dye MR (100 ppm) within 30 min. Analysis of samples from decolorized culture flasks confirmed biodegradation of MR into two prime metabolites: N,N′dimethyl-p-phenyle-nediamine and 2-aminobenzoic acid. A study of the enzymes responsible for the biodegradation of MR, in the control and cells obtained during (10 min) and after (30 min) degradation, showed a significant increase in the activities of azoreductase, laccase, and NADH-DCIP reductase. Furthermore, a phytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that the germination inhibition was almost eliminated for both the plants Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor by MR metabolites at 100 mg/L concentration, yet the germination inhibition of parent dye was significant. Consequently, the high efficiency of MR degradation enables this strain to be a potential candidate for bioremediation of wastewater containing MR. 相似文献
326.
Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate on the physiology and ultrastructure of cucumber seedling roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ying Zhang Yue Tao Guoqiang Sun Lei Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6662-6670
Agricultural pollution caused by the use of plastic sheetings has been documented to be a widespread problem in most of the major crop-planting regions of the world. In order to better understand the phytotoxic mechanisms induced by phthalic acid esters involved with this problem, Cucumber sativus L. cv Jinyan No. 4 were sown in pots to the three-leaf-stage in the presence of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP; 0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg L?1) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. Physiology, biochemistry, and ultrastructure of seedling roots were examined. The results indicated that activities of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) were stimulated at low-DBP treatments and decreased under higher levels (>100 mg L?1) compared to the controls. On the other hand, SOD and POD provided a better defense against DBP-induced oxidative damage in the roots of cucumber seeding, compared to CAT. The productions of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) were promoted under DBP stress. Visible impact on the cytoderm, mitochondrion, and vacuole was detected, possibly as a consequence of free radical generation. These results suggested that activation of the antioxidant system by DBP led to the formation of reactive oxygen species that resulted in cellular damage. 相似文献
327.
以乙酸钠为外加碳源,考察了UASB反应器内甲苯对可溶性微生物产物(SMP)的影响。实验结果表明:低质量浓度(20~70 mg/L)的甲苯对微生物有刺激作用,使得污泥增殖速率变小,SMP的质量浓度也逐渐减少,经过一段时间的驯化后,系统COD和TOC的去除率分别达到93%和94%以上,下降趋势较小;较高质量浓度(70~200 mg/L)的甲苯对微生物有抑制作用,污泥活性下降,反应器运行状况开始恶化,SMP的质量浓度也逐渐增大,经过一段时间的驯化后,系统COD和TOC的去除率分别维持在81%和83%以上;当甲苯质量浓度超过200 mg/L时,表现为污泥活性严重下降,对COD的去除效果极差。 相似文献
328.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭纤维负载TiO2催化剂(TiO2/ACF),并通过SEM和XRD等手段对TiO2/ACF进行了表征。以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)为目标降解物,考察了催化材料的电催化活性。实验结果表明:在反应温度为25 ℃、初始DMP质量浓度为100.0 mg/L、电解质Na2SO4质量浓度为100 mg/L、电流密度为62.5 mA/cm2、电极板间距为4 cm的条件下,经过40 min的降解,DMP质量浓度为1.8 mg/L,DMP去除率为98.2%;TiO2/ACF在反应过程中可以原位再生,经6次重复使用后仍保持很高的催化活性,对DMP的去除率仍达90%以上。 相似文献
329.
采用化学除油降黏—污泥调理—离心脱水工艺处理某炼油厂废水处理系统的混合污泥,并对工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:化学除油降黏阶段处理体系的pH=4,反应温度35 ℃,H2O2加入量 2 g/L,m(H2O2)∶ m(Fe2+)=4,反应时间 60 min;污泥调理反应阶段的CaO加入量7.0 g/L;离心脱水阶段在分离因数为1 558时脱水5 min。在此条件下,得到的泥饼的含水率为70.0%~75.0%(w),含油率小于2%(w),污泥比阻约为3.0×107 s2/g。 相似文献
330.
以钠基蒙脱土(MMT)为载体,先采用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米TiO2引入到MMT层间,再采用化学沉积法将纳米Cu2O负载在TiO2/MMT上,制备出TiO2-Cu2O/MMT纳米复合光催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、紫外-可见漫反射技术对催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标污染物,考察了催化剂的光催化性能。表征结果显示:TiO2与Cu2O均匀分布在MMT的表面与片层孔隙中;TiO2-Cu2O/MMT结合了TiO2和Cu2O的特性,拓宽了催化剂的光吸收范围。实验结果表明,在光源为可见光、初始甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、光催化剂加入量为2 g/L的条件下,TiO2-Cu2O/MMT纳米复合光催化剂对甲基橙的光催化降解效果明显优于单一负载的Cu2O/MMT和TiO2/MMT,大幅提高了催化剂的光催化效率,反应300 min时TiO2-Cu2O/MMT对甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到93%。 相似文献