硫化物废水形成生物脱硫污泥中单质硫的回收

针对生物脱硫污泥中单质硫回收困难的问题,以生物脱硫系统产生的污泥为实验对象,研究了生物硫污泥的特性。经过测定得到了如下结果:生物脱硫污泥中单质硫的含量为51.2%,蛋白质5%、Na+ 8.32%、Ka+ 7.47%、Mg2+ 4.82%、SO42-10.5%、Cl-4.45%和灰分8.24%,单质硫被带电聚合物所包裹。根据污泥的特性,设计了一套高温溶解-低温析出的单质硫回收工艺。生物硫污泥和萃取剂(甲苯/四氯乙烯=5/95)在80℃下萃取30 min,萃取剂的用量为20 mL/g生物硫污泥,萃取完成后高温过滤,滤液在4℃下过夜保存,再次过滤析出的单质硫晶体。单质硫的回收率为91.2%,析出的单质硫纯度可达98%,可以直接用于其他工业。萃取剂重复使用5次后单质硫的回收率仍可达到79.6%。结果表明,高温溶解-低温析出法可有效从含硫化合物产生的生物硫污泥中提取单质硫。     

过硫酸盐在土壤中的电动输运特性

为提高过硫酸盐氧化剂在土壤中的传输效率,对以电渗流为主导因素的电动输运特性进行研究。通过土壤箱体的实验和数值模拟,研究电势梯度、土壤间隙水盐浓度和温度、过硫酸钠投放电极和浓度、pH对电渗流速和电渗系数影响,并分析过硫酸盐电动输运特性。结果表明,过硫酸盐在阳极投放与在两极投放时电动输运效果较好;提高投放的过硫酸盐浓度可以同比例提高相同时刻土壤中的过硫酸根浓度,但不改变电动输运所需的时间;提高电势梯度可以等比例提高电渗流速,但不能提高电渗系数;提高盐浓度可使电渗流速和电渗系数以相同比例提高;土壤升温至60 ℃和在2~12区间内的pH改变对电渗流速和电渗系数的提高比例为14.5%和4.8%;当盐浓度低于0.1 mol·L⁻¹时,在1、2 V·cm⁻¹的电势梯度下,土壤的最大温升分别为8 ℃、40 ℃。因此,在过硫酸盐的电动输运过程中,建议采用1V·cm⁻¹电势梯度以降低过硫酸盐的活化速率。本研究结果可为电动输运过硫酸盐的传输方案提供参考。     

自然资源可持续利用的制度安排探析

影响自然资源可持续利用的诸多因素中,制度因素是最关键的。合理的制度安排及符合自然资源特点和属性的制度创新是解决市场失灵、政府失灵导致自然资源破坏、重要途径。     

The growth and Cu and Zn uptake of pakchois (Brassica chinesis L.) in an acidic soil as affected by chicken or pig manure

In a pot experiment, pig manure (PM) and chicken manure (CM) were applied to an acidic soil at application rates of 2%, 4% and 8% (W/W) to evaluate their effects on the growth, Cu and Zn uptake and transfer of five cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinesis L.). The results showed that alkaline manures significantly increased the biomass of pakchois, and also pH and electrical conductivity of the soil. Both 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1.0 M NH4NO3 salt solutions predict the Zn transfer from soil to pakchois well, but not for Cu. For the cultivar Siyueman, the transfer factors of Cu (or Zn) in the PM treatments were higher than that in the CM treatments. In our experiment the Cu and Zn concentrations in pakchois did not exceed the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard, but more attention should be paid to heavy metals risk on pakchois at lower soil pH and salt impairment by manures application.     

宁夏盐池牧业生产系统的研究

本文采用系统科学的理论方法,详细地分析了盐池县牧业生产系统的内外关系与存在问题及相应的战略对策;结合对现实农业生态系统的能流与物流的定性分析,指出合理运行牧业生产系统,是使盐池县草原恢复、生态维持及农村经济发展的重要途径。     

Chemical and olfactive impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns from the simulated construction and demolition waste landfills

The explosive increase of construction and demolition waste (CDW) caused the insufficient source separation and emergency disposal at domestic waste landfills in many developing countries. Some organic fractions were introduced to the CDW landfill process and resulted in serious odor pollution. To comprehensively explore the impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns, five CDW landfills (OIL), with organic matters/ inert CDW components (O/I) from 5% to 30%, and the control group only with inert components (IL) or organics (OL) were simulated at the laboratory. The chemical and olfactive characters of odors were evaluated using the emission rate of 94 odorants content (ER_total), theory odor concentration (TOC_total), and e-nose concentration (ER_ENC), and their correlations with waste properties were also analyzed. It was found that the main contributors to ER_total (IL: 93.0% NH₃; OIL: 41.6% sulfides, 31.0% NH₃, 25.9% oxygenated compounds) and TOC total (IL: 64.1% CH₃SH, 28.2% NH₃; OIL: 71.7% CH₃SH, 24.8% H₂S) changed significantly. With the rise of O/I, ER_total, TOC_total, and ER_ENC increased by 10.9, 20.6, and 2.1 times, respectively. And the organics content in CDW should be less than 10% (i.e., DOC<101.3 mg/L). The good regressions between waste properties (DOC, DN, pH) and ${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{ENC}}}$ (r=0.86, 0.86, -0.88, p<0.05), ${\mathrm{TOC}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$ (r=0.82, 0.79, -0.82, p<0.05) implied that the carbon sources and acidic substances relating to organics degradation might result in that increase. Besides, the correlation analysis results (${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{ENC}}}$ vs. ${\mathrm{TOC}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$, r=0.96, p<0.01; vs. ${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$, r=0.86, p<0.05) indicated that e-nose perhaps was a reliable odor continuous monitoring tool for CDW landfills.     

微囊藻毒素降解菌S3的分子鉴定及其降解毒素的研究

对一株具有强降解微囊藻毒紊MC-LR能力的细菌S3进行了分子鉴定.测得该菌16S rDNA为1396bp,GenBank序列登录号为DQ836314.序列比对结果显示,该菌与类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus validus的相似性达98%.微囊藻毒素降解实验结果表明,该菌能在以微囊藻毒素为唯一碳、氮源的培养基中生长,微囊藻毒紊在72h内减少78.3%,菌株S3的最适生长温度是30℃,最适生长pH值为7.0.     

DNA甲基化结合蛋白

DNA甲基化是哺乳动物细胞中最重要的表观遗传学修饰之一,大约70%—80%的CpG发生这种甲基化修饰.异常的甲基化在许多癌症中频发,启动子CpG岛的高甲基化作为普遍的失活机制介导抑癌基因沉默.甲基化信号由甲基化结合蛋白来转译,它们能够特异性识别并结合至甲基化位点通过募集辅阻遏复合物例如组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone Deacetylase,HDAC)等建立沉默的染色质,从而在DNA甲基化和基因沉默中起桥梁作用.目前,哺乳动物中已鉴定出的甲基化结合蛋白有三类,分别是:MBD(Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain)、Kaiso以及SRA(Set and Ring finger-associated)家族.本文就这三大家族(以MBD为主)各自的结构、功能、结合甲基化DNA的特性以及它们在某些疾病发生中的作用做一综述.     

焦作市工业燃煤量与大气SO_2污染关系模型研究

研究了焦作市工业燃煤量与大气SO2 污染的关系 ,建立了适合于焦作市城区大气SO2 污染的解析模型。在模型中尝试性地将面源污染产生的浓度贡献转化到背景值中计算 ,简化了解析模型。利用该模式计算了 1 996～ 2 0 0 0年焦作市城区大气中的SO2 浓度 ,并与监测数据进行对比分析 ,结果表明该模型适合研究区的实际情况 ,基于该模型实现了焦作市城区大气SO2 浓度的动态预测。     

Study of DDT and its derivatives DDD, DDE adsorption and degradation over Fe-SBA-15 at low temperature

Mesoporous SBA-15 with different Fe₂O₃ loading were synthesized by an in-situ coating progress for removals of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivatives, i.e., 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chloro -phenyl) ethane (DDE). The results from XRD (X-ray diffractometer), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) indicated that the iron could be well dispersed on SBA-15 within 6 wt.% Fe₂O₃ loading. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests indicated that the synthesized materials were characterized by ordered meso-structure, high surface area and large pore volume. DDTs were removed from aqueous media in 12-hr treatment and high removal efficiency of DDTs was achieved at over 94%. DDTs could be completely degraded at 350℃ under the existence of SBA-15 with 4 wt.% Fe₂O₃ loading. The final degradation products of DDT were dichlorobenzophenone (DCB) and bis-(4-chloro-phenyl) methane (DDM), suggesting a complete dechlorination from trichloromethyl.