柴达木盆地水资源承载力研究

提出了以期望人口为核心的水资源承载力指标体系,并应用于柴达木盆地水资源承载力的实际研究． 用柴达木盆地水资源承载力系统动力学仿真模型（ＳＤＳＭＷＲＳＣＣＢ）计算了人口等承载力指标的预测值,把期望值和预测值进行了深入分析比较,推断出柴达木盆地水资源承载力．     

焦作市工业燃煤量与大号SO2污染关系模型研究

研究了焦作市工业燃煤量与大气SO2污染的关系,建立了适合于焦作市城区大气SO2污染的解析模型.在模型中尝试性地将面源污染产生的浓度贡献转化到背景值中计算,简化了解析模型.利用该模式计算了1996～2000年焦作市城区大气中的SO2浓度,并与监测数据进行对比分析,结果表明该模型适合研究区的实际情况,基于该模型实现了焦作市城区大气SO2浓度的动态预测.     

Green and efficient degradation of cefoperazone sodium by Bi4O5Br2 leading to the production of non-toxic products: Performance and degradation pathway

Photocatalytic process represents a promising approach to overcome the pollution challenge associated with the antibiotics-containing wastewater. This study provides a green, efficient and novel approach to remove cephalosporins, particularly cefoperazone sodium (CFP). Bi₄O₅Br₂ was chosen for the first time to systematically study its degradation for CFP, including the analysis of material structure, degradation performance, the structure and toxicity of the transformation products, etc. The degradation rate results indicated that Bi₄O₅Br₂ had an excellent catalytic activity leading to 78% CFP removal compared with the pure BiOBr (38%) within 120 min of visible light irradiation. In addition, the Bi₄O₅Br₂ presents high stability and good organic carbon removal efficiency. The effects of the solution pH (3.12 - 8.75) on catalytic activity revealed that CFP was mainly photocatalyzed under acidic conditions and hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Combined with active species and degradation product identification, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of CFP by Bi₄O₅Br₂ was proposed, including hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction and decarboxylation. Most importantly, the identified products were all hydrolysis rather than oxidation byproducts transformed from the intermediate of β-lactam bond cleavage in CFP molecule, quite different from the mostly previous studies. Furthermore, the final products were demonstrated to be less toxic through the toxicity analysis. Overall, this study illustrates the detailed mechanism of CFP degradation by Bi₄O₅Br₂ and confirms Bi₄O₅Br₂ to be a promising material for the photodegradation of CFP.     

Analysis of Pesticides Using a Polyppyrole Modified Electrode

Electrochemical methods can provide fast, sensitive and sometimes real time detection of pesticides. In the course of this work, a dispersed mercury electrode has been used to detect pesticides electrochemically. The electrode was prepared by depositing a thin mercury film on a glassy carbon disc and then coating a layer of polypyrrole on the disc. The effect of coating thickness on detection sensitivity was studied. A thin mercury film of 0.34 µm dispersed by one cycle polymerization of pyrrole was preferred. The influence of electrolyte, pH and organic solvent content on pesticide response was also investigated. The polypyrrole dispersed mercury electrode (Hg-PPy/GC) was not suitable for a pH above 6 but it can tolerate acetonitrile up to 10% at which concentration the mercury film coated glassy carbon electrode (Hg/GC) failed to response. Methyl parathion, methyl azinphos, parathion and fenitrothion were detected. The sensitivity of the dispersed mercury electrode was similar to a normal thin mercury film electrode in this case. A good response can be obtained for 1 ppm pesticides using fast linear sweeping voltammetry.     

论建设项目环评的公众参与

依据《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》有关规定，结合多年从事环境影响评价的经验，就建设项目环评过程中开展公众参与的时机、采用的形式、公众参与内容的设计及反馈信息的处理等方面提出了建议，为环评工作的公众参与提供参考。     

区域水土流失遥感与核素示踪联合评价技术研究

水土流失遥感调查具有宏观、快速、效率高的优点,可以实现水土流失时空动态监测;侵蚀137Cs核素示踪技术能够提供独立的土壤侵蚀与堆积数据以及空间分布的信息,与其它方法相比,不仅具有无时空限制、操作简便快捷的优点,而且可提供上世纪60年代以来的多空间尺度(测点到流域)年均净侵蚀量。核素示踪与遥感解译的结合,可实现水土流失评价的宏观与微观、点与面、估算与实测的结合,大大地提高水土流失评价时空分辨率和精准度。文章以锦屏二级水电站工程建设区域为例,将137Cs侵蚀示踪技术和水土流失遥感调查方法相结合,基于GIS技术,对区域内水土流失现状进行了评价。     

煤矿塌陷区土壤酶活性与养分分布及相关研究——以焦作韩王庄矿塌陷区为例

选取河南省焦作市韩王庄矿采煤塌陷区土壤作为研究对象,对其酶活性与土壤养分分布及其相关性进行分析,结果表明:土壤酶活性和土壤养分随土壤深度的增加而减少;除过氧化氢酶外,土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量规律均呈现为:上坡点1＜下坡点2＜塌陷中心点O;根据LSD多重比较发现,与对照相比,土壤养分中全氮、全磷、速效钾下降均达到显著或极显著水平;土壤中过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤中碱解氮之间存在着显著的相关关系,脲酶、多酚氧化酶与全氮含量显著相关,蔗糖酶活性和有机质间显著相关.     

Physico-chemical characterization and source tracking of black carbon at a suburban site in Beijing

Particles from ambient air and combustion sources including vehicle emission, coal combustion and biomass burning were collected and chemically pretreated with the purpose of obtaining isolated BC (black carbon) samples. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) results indicate that BC from combustion sources shows various patterns, and airborne BC appears spherical and about 50 nm in diameter with a homogeneous surface and turbostratic structure. The BET (Barrett–Emmett–Teller) results suggest that the surface areas of these BC particles fall in the range of 3–23 m²/g, with a total pore volume of 0.03–0.05 cm³/g and a mean pore diameter of 7–53 nm. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are indicative of the accumulation mode and uniform pore size. O₂-TPO (temperature programmed oxidation) profiles suggest that the airborne BC oxidation could be classified as the oxidation of amorphous carbon, which falls in the range of 406–490°C with peaks at 418, 423 and 475°C, respectively. Generally, the BC characteristics and source analysis suggest that airborne BC most likely comes from diesel vehicle emission at this site.     

铁屑去除地下水中Cr6+的试验研究

以铁屑和纯Fe0为供试介质处理地下水中Cr6 ,在不调节原水pH值情况下,通过室内对比试验发现铁屑比纯Fe0的去除效率高,且可使处理后水中Cr6 达到地下水质量标准的Ⅲ类标准,确定出铁屑去除Cr6 的最佳运行参数:铁屑与Cr6 的重量比为1395:1,反应时间为40 min,并分析讨论了其去除机理.     

Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination: a case study of a typical karst hydrogeological unit in East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate pollution in rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater, and even deep groundwater occurs in many parts of the world. And, it’s essential to...