中国可持续发展战略实施的进展及其趋势

本文对中国实施可持续发展战略的现状和进展进行了全国的回顾和总结,对未来中国可持续发展的整体态势和主要趋势进行了分析和展望。     

微囊藻毒素降解菌S3的分子鉴定及其降解毒素的研究

对一株具有强降解微囊藻毒紊MC-LR能力的细菌S3进行了分子鉴定.测得该菌16S rDNA为1396bp,GenBank序列登录号为DQ836314.序列比对结果显示,该菌与类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus validus的相似性达98%.微囊藻毒素降解实验结果表明,该菌能在以微囊藻毒素为唯一碳、氮源的培养基中生长,微囊藻毒紊在72h内减少78.3%,菌株S3的最适生长温度是30℃,最适生长pH值为7.0.     

锅炉烟尘监测过程质量控制及现场采样应注意的问题

以生态文明全面取代工业文明,是实现人类生存进步及经济可持续发展的唯一途径。以我国为例,在经历40年社会改革开放、经济高速增长之后,工业化、城市化、现代化所取得巨大成就的背后,是生态环境的严重破坏,尤其近年来"雾霾"成为生态环境治理中最为顽固的诟病。锅炉烟尘是造成雾霾现象的"主要元凶",从环境监测角度出发,加强锅炉烟尘监测过程及现场采样质量控制,精准地获取相关数据,能够为环境治理方案提供科学依据。但同时,锅炉烟尘监测及采样是十分复杂且具有系统性的工作,在整个过程中需要加强质量控制。本文列举相关注意问题,以供技术人员在操作中参考借鉴。     

An Interpretation of the Influential Power of China Development

Through the analysis on China’s economic development, utilization of resource environment and soft power, a basic judgment was made of the influence of "China development". The overall influential power of China development on international community was misunderstood. What we see is the role of "China Factor" in different fields. In the process of economic globalization, what economic system of capitalist market has seen is "China’s cheap labor", "China’s loose economic system environment", "earlier abuse of unlimited resource environment", "China’s broad consumption market" and "demographic dividend". In global or Asian financial crisis, what other countries valued was China’s "foreign currency" accumulated over the years. In global governance or crisis management, what international community expected was "China’s obligations and responsibilities" without the right of speech, etc.. All these are the "passive" roles produced by "a single factor" in definite fields. The active and initiative role China will play in international community still needs time and the continuous efforts of several generations. China once was a big country that had significant influential power on the world, and China’s renaissance is a normal process of development of things. What excessive talks about its influential power reflect may be the lack of China’s influence.     

电子束辐照分解甲苯的初步实验研究

进行了电子束辐照分解甲苯的静态实验研究,实验结果表明,电子束辐照能够有效地分解甲苯,在850keV、11kGy电子束的辐照下,初始质量浓度为1 000~3 000m g/m3的甲苯去除率可以达到77%以上,且甲苯去除率随吸收剂量的增加而提高。甲苯辐照分解的主要产物是苯甲醛和甲酸,此外还有少量苯、苯酚等。进一步验证了.OH在甲苯分解中的重要作用。     

The growth and Cu and Zn uptake of pakchois (Brassica chinesis L.) in an acidic soil as affected by chicken or pig manure

In a pot experiment, pig manure (PM) and chicken manure (CM) were applied to an acidic soil at application rates of 2%, 4% and 8% (W/W) to evaluate their effects on the growth, Cu and Zn uptake and transfer of five cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinesis L.). The results showed that alkaline manures significantly increased the biomass of pakchois, and also pH and electrical conductivity of the soil. Both 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1.0 M NH4NO3 salt solutions predict the Zn transfer from soil to pakchois well, but not for Cu. For the cultivar Siyueman, the transfer factors of Cu (or Zn) in the PM treatments were higher than that in the CM treatments. In our experiment the Cu and Zn concentrations in pakchois did not exceed the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard, but more attention should be paid to heavy metals risk on pakchois at lower soil pH and salt impairment by manures application.     

Alternative poultry litter storage for improved transportation and use as a soil amendment

Transportation of poultry litter out of nutrient limited watersheds such as the Illinois River basin (eastern Oklahoma) is a logical solution for minimizing phosphorus (P) losses from soils to surface waters. Transportation costs are basedon mass of load and distance transported. This study investigated an alternative litter storage technique designed to promote carbon (C) degradation, thereby concentrating nutrients for the purpose of decreasing transportation costs through decreased mass. Poultry litter was stored in 0.90-Mg conical piles under semipermeable tarps and adjusted to 40% moisture content, tested with and without addition of alum (aluminum sulfate). additional study was conducted using 3.6-Mg piles under the same conditions, except tested with and without use of aeration pipes. Samples were analyzed before and after (8 wk) storage. Litter mass degradation (i.e., loss in mass due to organic matter decomposition) was estimated on the basis of changes in litter total P contents. Additional characterization included pH, total nutrients, moisture content, total C, and degree of humification. Litter storage significantly decreased litter mass (16 to 27%), concentrated nutrients such as P and potassium (K) and increased proportion of fulvic and humic acids. The addition of aeration pipes increased mass degradationrelative to piles without aeration pipes. Nitrogen volatilization losses were minimized with alum additions. Increases in P and K concentrations resulted in greater monetary value per unit mass compared with fresh litter. Such increases translate to increased litter shipping distance and cost savings of $17.2 million over 25 yr for litter movement out of eastern Oklahoma.     

自然资源可持续利用的制度安排探析

影响自然资源可持续利用的诸多因素中，制度因素是最关键的。合理的制度安排及符合自然资源特点和属性的制度创新是解决市场失灵、政府失灵导致自然资源破坏、重要途径。     

Study of DDT and its derivatives DDD, DDE adsorption and degradation over Fe-SBA-15 at low temperature

Mesoporous SBA-15 with different Fe₂O₃ loading were synthesized by an in-situ coating progress for removals of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivatives, i.e., 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chloro -phenyl) ethane (DDE). The results from XRD (X-ray diffractometer), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) indicated that the iron could be well dispersed on SBA-15 within 6 wt.% Fe₂O₃ loading. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests indicated that the synthesized materials were characterized by ordered meso-structure, high surface area and large pore volume. DDTs were removed from aqueous media in 12-hr treatment and high removal efficiency of DDTs was achieved at over 94%. DDTs could be completely degraded at 350℃ under the existence of SBA-15 with 4 wt.% Fe₂O₃ loading. The final degradation products of DDT were dichlorobenzophenone (DCB) and bis-(4-chloro-phenyl) methane (DDM), suggesting a complete dechlorination from trichloromethyl.