提升我国城市化水平的重要意义和政策调整

我国的城市化水平落后于工业化水平，已成为制约我国经济与社会发展的重要因素。提升我国城市化水平，从经济上讲，具有如下重要意义：（1）有利于化解有效需求不足矛盾。（2）有利于带动相关产业增长和主人口增加。（3）有利于促进我国产业结构优化，提高经济运行质量。（4）有利于资源的综合利用和耕地保护。（5）有利于缩小城乡差距。提升我国城市化水平是我国新世纪的战略任务，必须进行相关的政策调整与选择。     

Effect of chimneys on indoor air concentrations of PM10 and benzo[a]pyrene in Xuan Wei,China

This paper reports the effect of chimneys in reducing indoor air pollution in a lung cancer epidemic area of rural China. Household indoor air pollution concentrations were measured during unvented burning (chimneys blocked) and vented burning (chimneys open) of bituminous coal in Xuan Wei, China. Concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) and of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were measured in 43 homes during normal activities. The use of chimneys led to significant decreases in indoor air concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) by 66% and of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by 84%. The average BaP content of PM₁₀ also decreased by 55% with the installation of a chimney. The reduction of indoor pollution levels by the installation of a chimney supports the epidemiology findings on the health benefits of stove improvement. However, even in the presence of a chimney, the indoor air concentrations for both PM₁₀ and BaP still exceeded the indoor air quality standards of China. Movement up the energy ladder to cleaner liquid or gaseous fuels is probably the only sustainable indoor air pollution control measure.     

两例振动和噪声污染源的识别

通过两例噪声和振动污染相互转换的事例分析，阐述了同一种介质中振动和噪声是一对扯不开的连体孪生兄弟。在不同介质之间，振动和噪声可能发生相互转换，在一定的条件下，固体的振动会激发产生空气中的噪声，空气中的噪声也会导致固体产生振动。     

FHD-1型质子磁力仪的改进与完善

根据FHD 1型质子磁力仪在实际使用过程中存在的一些问题 ,以及一些用户提出的建议和要求 ,对FHD 1型质子磁力仪的实时时钟、标定方法、通用性与适应性、抗干扰能力方面进行了改进和完善 ,本文对此作介绍。     

安全科学的本质

本文探索性提出了安全科学的本质，借以揭示安全与事故同预防、控制事故的内在联系。     

Couples experiences of receiving uncertain results following prenatal microarray or exome sequencing: A mixed-methods systematic review

Background

Tests in pregnancy such as chromosomal microarray analysis and exome sequencing are increasing diagnostic yield for fetal structural anomalies, but have greater potential to result in uncertain findings. This systematic review investigated the experiences of prospective parents about receiving uncertain results from these tests.

Methods

A systematic search of three electronic databases was conducted. Data extraction was performed for studies that met the eligibility and quality criteria. Results were synthesised following the principles of thematic analysis.

Results

Fourteen studies (10 qualitative, 4 quantitative) were included. Findings were grouped into three overarching themes. Sources of uncertainty included the testing procedure, the diagnosis and prognosis, and health professionals' own uncertainty. The clinical impact of the uncertainty included parents struggling to make clinical decisions with the information available, the emotional impact included decisional-regret, shock, worry and feeling overwhelmed. To manage the uncertainty, parents sought support from healthcare professionals, friends, family, the internet and other parents as well as remaining hopeful.

Conclusions

Prospective parents experience a myriad of uncertainties in the prenatal setting, which must be handled sensitively. Future research should explore optimal ways of managing uncertainty to minimise harm. Recommendations are made for discussing uncertainty during pre- and post-test counseling.     

用科学发展观指导河北省环保工作

河北省环境保护工作非常重要,任务又很艰巨,因此必须用科学发展观指导河北省环保工作。以人为本,着力解决关系人民群众切身利益的环境问题;在统筹发展中促进人与自然的和谐发展;坚持环保创建工作,以典型引路,树立协调发展的各类先进典型;解放思想,转变思路,突出重点,努力改善环保质量。     

Chorionic villus sampling utilization following reports of a possible association with fetal limb defects

Prenatal diagnosis choices were reviewed in 473 women who presented for genetic counselling prior to 11 weeks' gestation for the indication of advanced maternal age. Group A consisted of 336 patients who were unaware of a possible association between chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and limb defects. Group B consisted of 137 patients who were provided this information. Fifty-one per cent of patients in group A and 45 per cent of patients in group B chose CVS. This difference was not significant by χ² analysis (P = 0·7). Patterns of prenatal diagnosis procedure utilization from 1987 to 1992 revealed a significant reduction in CVS utilization accompanied by a corresponding increase in amniocentesis after the association between CVS and limb defects was publicized. Referrals for CVS counselling also significantly declined. However, acceptance rates did not change for those patients who received genetic counselling. First-trimester genetic counselling, including a discussion regarding a possible association between CVS and limb defects, helps patients make informed decisions concerning prenatal diagnosis options, and, in our population, resulted in no change in CVS acceptance rates.     

我国省域投保行为的空间统计分析

通过空间自相关度量检验与空间关联局域LISA分析,对我国2009年省域寿险、财险、健康险、意外险投保行为的空间分布进行空间统计研究,并对我国1999-2009年10年间的人身保险、财产保险的购买行为进行空间演变研究.研究认为,2009年我国投保行为在空间上分布呈不均衡特征；2009年寿险与财险的投保行为空间集聚程度比健康险与意外险的集聚程度高；1999-2009年,我国省域投保行为在我国版图空间分布上呈强弱分化现象,趋势明显.该研究价值在于通过空间统计分析,了解我国省域居民投保行为在空间上的分布特征,从而为保险企业制定宏观经营战略,为国家保险监管部门提供可视化的数据.     

苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ对HepG-2细胞和SGC-7901细胞增殖的影响

以辽宁某地硼矿开采和加工厂的硼作业工人以及远离硼矿的背景地区的人群作为研究对象,分析了班后尿液硼浓度与日硼暴露剂量之间的关系.结果表明,班后尿硼浓度与日硼暴露剂量之间存在着显著的对数线性关系,考虑了不同人群类别的影响之后,回归方程的拟合度达到85.9%,由此确立了用班后尿硼浓度预测日硼暴露剂量的预测方程.用此预测方程对本研究2004年的受试者日硼暴露剂量进行预测,并与实测值进行了比较,结果表明平均相对偏差为13.4%,预测值与实测值之间没有显著性的差异.说明用班后尿硼浓度预测日硼暴露剂量是可行的.对2004年所有受试者的日硼暴露剂量预测结果分析表明,硼职业暴露组、社区对照组和背景对照组的日硼暴露剂量平均值分别为36.1、4.13和1.31mg/d.