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231.
Kong S Ji Y Lu B Bai Z Chen L Han B Li Z 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(3):852-865
Mass concentrations and chemical components (18 elements, 9 ions, organic carbon [OC] and elemental carbon [EC]) in atmospheric PM(10) were measured at five sites in Fushun during heating, non-heating and sand periods in 2006-2007. PM(10) mass concentrations varied from 62.0 to 226.3 μg m(-3), with 21% of the total samples' mass concentrations exceeding the Chinese national secondary standard value of 150 μg m(-3), mainly concentrated in heating and sand periods. Crustal elements, trace elements, water-soluble ions, OC and EC represented 20-47%, 2-9%, 13-34%, 15-34% and 13-25% of the particulate matter mass concentrations, respectively. OC and crustal elements exhibited the highest mass percentages, at 27-34% and 30-47% during heating and sand period. Local agricultural residuals burning may contribute to EC and ion concentrations, as shown by ion temporal variation and OC and EC correlation analysis. Heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Mn) from coal combustion and industrial processes should be paid attention to in heating and sand periods. The anion/cation ratios exhibited their highest values for the background site with the influence of stationary sources on its upper wind direction during the sand period. Secondary organic carbon were 1.6-21.7, 1.5-23.0, 0.4-17.0, 0.2-33.0 and 0.2-21.1 μg m(-3), accounting for 20-77%, 44-88%, 4-77%, 8-69% and 4-73% of OC for the five sampling sites ZQ, DZ, XH, WH and SK, respectively. From the temporal and spatial variation analysis of major species, coal combustion, agricultural residual burning and industrial emission including dust re-suspended from raw material storage piles were important sources for atmospheric PM(10) in Fushun at heating, non-heating and sand periods, respectively. It was confirmed by principal component analysis that coal combustion, vehicle emission, industrial activities, soil dust, cement and construction dust and biomass burning were the main sources for PM(10) in this coal-based city. 相似文献
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Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wentao Jiao Yonglong Lu Jing Li Jingyi Han Tieyu Wang Wei Luo Yajuan Shi Guang Wang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,158(1-4):581-592
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector in 105 topsoil samples from an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in the North of China. Results demonstrated that concentrations of PAHs in 104 soil samples from this area ranged from 68.7 to 5,590 ng g???1 dry weight with a mean of ∑16PAHs 814 ± 813 ng g???1, which suggests that there exists mid to high levels of PAH contamination. The concentration of ∑16PAHs in one soil sample from Tianjin Port was exceptionally high (48,700 ng g???1). Ninety-three of the 105 soil samples were considered to be contaminated with PAHs (>200 ng g???1), and 25 were heavily polluted (>1,000 ng g???1). The sites with high PAHs concentration are mainly distributed around chemical industry parks and near highways. Two low molecular weight PAHs, naphthalene and phenanthrene, were the dominant components in the soil samples, which accounted for 22.1% and 10.7% of the ∑16PAHs concentration, respectively. According to the observed molecular indices, house heating in winter, straw stalk combustion in open areas after harvest, and petroleum input were common sources of PAHs in this area, while factory discharge and vehicle exhaust were the major sources around chemical industrial parks and near highways. Biological processes were probably another main source of low molecular weight PAHs. 相似文献
236.
Lamei Lei Liang Peng Xianghui Huang Bo-Ping Han 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):3079-3090
The tropical cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is of particular concern for its invasive characteristics and production of the toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN). The present study represents the first attempt to determine the distribution of C. raciborskii and CYN in tropical China. The presence of C. raciborskii and CYN, as well as the composition of phytoplankton, was determined from a total of 86 samples from 25 urban reservoirs for drinking water supply in Dongguan City of South China. The presence of C. raciborskii was observed in 21 of the 25 reservoirs and confirmed that this species has been widely distributed in the investigated reservoirs. C. raciborskii accounted for between 0.1 and 90.3 % of the total phytoplankton biomass and contributed to the majority of the phytoplankton in some reservoirs such as Tangkengbian and Xiagongyan. Its biomass was negatively correlated with NO3 ?-N concentration and Secchi depth. Dissolved CYN was detected in more than one-half of the reservoirs with concentrations up to 8.25 μg L?1, and it positively correlated with C. raciborskii biomass. Dissolved microcystins (MCs) were detected in 12 of the 25 reservoirs with a maximum concentration 1.99 μg L?1. Our data strongly suggest that C. raciborskii and CYN could be important health hazards in urban reservoirs of South China and that more data are needed for further assessment. 相似文献
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选用两种天然有机物Upper Mississippi River NOM(UMRNOM)和Suwannee River NOM(SRNOM)作为光敏化剂,以500 W高压汞灯模拟太阳光照,用2,4,6-三甲基苯酚(TMP)作为探针,进行光解实验.考察了TMP是否可以作为冰相中激发三线态溶解性有机物(3DOM*)的探针,以及溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度、pH值和溶解氧含量对光反应生成3DOM*的影响.结果表明,TMP的直接光降解和单线态氧(1O2)、羟基自由基(·OH)对TMP检测3DOM*的影响可以忽略,TMP可以作为冰冻样品中3DOM*的探针.UMRNOM的荧光强度和光化学活性低于SRNOM,在光反应中3DOM*的生成量低.两种DOM的SUVA254、E2/E3和荧光指数均与pH没有相关性,产生的3DOM*也与pH不相关.3DOM*生成量随着DOC浓度的增加而增加,单位DOC的3DOM*生成量随着浓度的增加而减少.此外,充入氮气的样品中TMP的降解速率比空气饱和样品分别高13.15%和16.43%. 相似文献
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