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81.
Zhaoxing Han Zhenyao Shen Yongwei Gong Qian Hong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):119-129
Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional
zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this
study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality
control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year
by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period,
emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement
in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water
standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source
pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi
River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal
period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and
December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source
pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above
should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ. 相似文献
82.
Cribb BW Stewart A Huang H Truss R Noller B Rasch R Zalucki MP 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(5):433-441
Previously, the presence of metals in arthropod mandibles has been linked with harder cuticle, and in termites, a 20% increase in hardness has been found for mandibles containing major quantities of zinc. The current study utilises electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to assess incidence and abundance of metals in all extant subfamilies of the Isoptera. The basal clades contain no zinc and little to no manganese in the cutting edge of the mandible cuticle, suggesting that these states are ancestral for termites. However, experimentation with mandibles in vitro indicates the presence of some elements of the cuticular biochemistry necessary to enable uptake of zinc. The Termopsidae, Serritermitidae, Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae all contain minor quantities of manganese, while trace to minor quantities of zinc occur in all except the Serritermitidae. In contrast, all Kalotermitidae or drywood termites contain major levels of zinc in the mandible edge. Diet and life type are explored as links to metal profiles across the termites. The presence of harder mandibles in the drywood termites may be related to lack of access to free water with which to moisten wood. Scratch tests were applied to a set of mandibles. The coefficient of friction for Cryptotermes primus (Kalotermitidae) mandibles, when compared with species from other subfamilies, indicates that zinc-containing mandibles are likely to be more scratch resistant. 相似文献
83.
NaOH溶液对有机相苯酚反萃取的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文系统进行了NaOH溶液对负载苯酚的TBP+煤油溶剂的反萃取平衡实验。考虑苯酚的支萃取平衡和解离平衡,建立了反萃取的计算模式,并证明了模型的可行性。本文还讨论了NaOH溶液浓度,油水相比,萃取平衡分配系数,溶剂中的负载苯酚浓度和NaOH溶液中初始酚含量对反萃取率的影响。 相似文献
84.
85.
Xie Qiaoling Wang Dandan Han Zhichao Tao Huchun Liu Sitong 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):62-73
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - A ball milling pretreatment with additives for fly ash and the combined use of reagents as flotation collectors in fly ash flotation were... 相似文献
86.
87.
To restore food security to a traditional African cropping system following a sudden loss of seed, genetic diversity must be re-established. This study examines the extent to which Cowpea diversity was reinstated two years after a flood disaster in Gaza Province, Mozambique. The contribution that seed from various sources made to the recovery was assessed using semi-structured interviews and morphological and molecular data. Data suggest that diversity had recovered to some extent yet there was evidence of a narrowing of the genetic base, with fewer rare alleles and differences in the distribution of allele frequencies. Although the main channels for accessing seed after the flood were seed relief and markets, these sources contributed to minimal and different diversity. It appears that diversity was regained primarily through social networking in the form of loans or gifts of seed from friends and relatives. The results of the study are discussed in relation to seed relief approaches. 相似文献
88.
The determination of Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) via HPLC capacity factors (k') has been studied, including the effect of column type and mobile phase composition on the correlation between log BCF and log k’. Values of BCF correlate well with the phenylsilica column capacity factors. The phenylsilica column followed by C18 column give better correlations than either C8 or C2 column. The use of HPLC with phenylsilica as stationary phase and methanol‐water as mobile phase in the prediction of BCF can be at least as good or better than the use of n‐octanol/water partitioning system. There are no significant differences in the correlations between log k’ and log BCF with the changes of methanol concentration in the mobile phase, and it seems that a high proportion of methanol in the eluent is required to obtain good results. 相似文献
89.
Octanol‐water partition coefficients (Kow) and soil organic carbon sorption coefficients (Koc) were determined for 14 fluorinated benzene derivatives. Quantitative structure‐property relationships were developed using molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters to analyze the most significant factors influencing these physico‐chemical properties of the compounds. The substitution by F in benzene derivatives has greater influence on Koc than on Kow. 相似文献
90.
我国是世界化学品生产和贸易的大国。大量化学品的生产和进出口贸易给我国化学品风险管理和风险评估带来了巨大挑战。在借鉴发达国家和经济组织对化学品风险管理经验和评估技术的基础上,我国在近年来也逐步开展了化学品的管理和控制,以应对当前日益突出的化学品环境安全和健康安全事故。本文从我国化学品管理与国外化学品风险管理之间的对比出发,在梳理化学品管理政策发展的过程中,重点就我国环境保护部门对有毒和进口化学品、新化学物质和废弃危险化学品以及质检部门对进出口工业化学品的管理和控制措施,以及化学品的评估技术进行了综述。通过与发达国家就化学品风险管理与评估技术的对比,指出我国目前化学品管理和评估的不足与欠缺,并提出一些可行的应对措施与办法,为完善我国化学品风险管理和评估提供一定的参考。 相似文献